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The effect of interpersonal evaluations (e.g., judging a person's intelligence) on attraction toward an anonymous person (person-one) was investigated. The study was conducted to assess attraction in five interpersonal relationships in which evaluations commonly occur. Attraction of subjects toward person-one was greater for positive than for negative evaluations when person-one evaluated either the subjects or himself, when a second anonymous person evaluated person-one and the attitudes of person-one were similar to those of the subjects, and when the second person evaluated both person-one and the subjects. When person-one evaluated the subjects, attraction toward person-one was found predictable using the Byrne-Rhamey rule. 相似文献
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This study tried to make some determinations as to whether the distortions observed occasionally in speech in chronic schizophrenics was, at root, a thought disturbance or a problem of comprehension and use of standard English speech. We compared 25 normal college students with 25 educationally matched inpatients at Camarillo State Hospital, Camarillo, California, who had been diagnosed as chronic undifferentiated schizophrenics in the judgment of sentences as being either relatively acceptable or unacceptable. The sentences (from Maher's 1972 study) varied in the degree to which they violated Chomsky's selection restriction rules: animate versus inanimate, human versus animal, and concrete verus abstract. Using Tuley's comparison test, we found no significant difference between normal and schizophrenic subjects in determining sentence acceptability or in the detection of sentence rule violations. The performance of chronic schizophrenics in rating sentences as relatively ungrammatical was not significantly different from that of normals. In addition, schizophrenics did not turn out to be significantly less sensitive to the number and types of selection rule violations in sentences. It seems probable that distortion in thought processes, rather than inability to use the semantic and syntactic rules of English speech, might be the underlying cause of the bizarre speech patterns which occur at times in the language of schizophrenics. 相似文献
346.
Stuart C. Carr Veronica Hopner Moh. Abdul Hakim Darrin J. Hodgetts Kerry Chamberlain Nicholas Nelson Rhys Ball Harvey Jones 《Political psychology》2021,42(4):575-595
Building on the U.N. human security taxonomy of 1994, this article aims to explore the constructability of a reliable, valid, parsimonious, useful measure of human security that is relevant to contemporary environments and situations? A seminal 1994 U.N. report, Human Security in Theory and Practice, outlined seven types of human security (personal, health, food, community, economic, environmental, political). A quarter-century on, we added two more, cyber and national security, and tested if a single measure could capture all nine security concerns. A national sample of N = 1033 New Zealanders completed a brief online measure in which participants reported yes or no to experiencing each type of security and basic demographics. Guttman scaling placed these needs in an ascending order of difficulty. Analogous to a staircase, security may be scaled from personal up to political security (coefficient of reproducibility = .88), with three distinct but interrelated flights: (1) proximal (personal, health, food security); (2) social (cyber, community, economic, environmental); and (3) distal (national, political). We confirmed this nine-step, three-flight measure in our sample (Χ2 = 81.72; df = 24; RMSEA = .048, 90%CI [.037, .06]; CFI = .976; TLI = .964; SRMR = .028). The measure showed configural, metric, scalar, and factorial invariances (across random-split subgroups). Ethnic groups and the precariously employed scored significantly differently, in coherent ways, on the security staircase scale. 相似文献
347.
Kerry R. McGannon Tanya R. Berry Wendy M. Rodgers John C. Spence 《Qualitative research in psychology》2016,13(2):188-207
Despite the importance of critical media work, much is to be learned about breast cancer representations within media discourses and the implications for women’s identity construction. Building on research from Australia from a discursive perspective, this article used an eclectic approach to critical discourse analysis to explore the cultural construction of breast cancer in 25 detailed stories within Canada’s two national newspapers, The Globe and Mail and the National Post. Ten images accompanying stories and 17 advertisements/public service announcements were also analyzed to contextualize discourses and subject positions/identities within the stories. Analysis of this media affords the unique opportunity to explore taken for granted assumptions and prevailing meanings about breast cancer and the implications for subjectivity. Two primary discourses were identified: a discourse of biomedicine and a discourse of healthism. Subject positions identified included “breast cancer survivor,” “the good consumer,” and the “medical expert.” The psychological, social, political, and health promotion implications are discussed. 相似文献
348.
Anthony C. Little Kerry Harcus 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》2016,69(8):1498-1507
Social support can provide a buffer to the negative consequences of stress. Previous research suggests that stress can promote affiliative and cooperative behaviours in those who are stressed. Here we examined how stress might influence who we choose to affiliate with. We measured preferences for friendships with friendly appearing feminized faces versus less friendly appearing masculinized faces after individuals undertook a stressful laboratory task. Stressed individuals had increased preferences for friendships with people with feminine faces. These data demonstrate that individuals prefer more friendly appearing feminine faced people as friends when stressed than when not stressed. This preference is likely adaptive in directing individuals towards others who are most likely to provide social support when it is needed and so reflect strategic friendship preferences. 相似文献
349.
This article explores sacred space in pastoral psychotherapy using the big bang theory, the notion of transitional space, and a theology of story. A case study demonstrates the creation of healing space in the practice of therapy. 相似文献
350.
Two free classification experiments that investigate the persistence of sort strategy are reported. Participants tend to persist with their initial categorization type (family resemblance or unidimensional) for the remaining sorts, overriding the effects of otherwise influential stimulus properties. Sort type was found to persist even after a one-week delay. Stimulus-driven models of free classification (e.g., the SUSTAIN model, [Love, B. C., Medin, D. L., & Gureckis, T. M. (2004). SUSTAIN: A network model of category learning. Psychological Review, 111, 309-332]) cannot predict the sort type persistence effects we observe, but they are naturally accounted for by theories that posit strategic selection of a problem-solving strategy (e.g., Hypothesis theory, [Levine, M. (1971). Hypothesis theory and nonlearning despite ideal S-R-reinforcement contingencies. Psychological Review, 78, 130-140]). 相似文献