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31.
Nilam?RamEmail author Sy-Miin?Chow Ryan?P.?Bowles Lijuan?Wang Kevin?Grimm Frank?Fujita John?R.?Nesselroade 《Psychometrika》2005,70(4):773-790
Weekly cycles in emotion were examined by combining item response modeling and spectral analysis approaches in an analysis
of 179 college students' reports of daily emotions experienced over 7 weeks. We addressed the measurement of emotion using
an item response model. Spectral analysis and multilevel sinusoidal models were used to identify interindividual differences
in intraindividual cyclic change. Simulations and incomplete data designs were used to examine how well this combination of
analysis techniques might work when applied to other practical data problems. Empirically, we found systematic individual
differences in the extent to which individuals' emotions follow a weekly cycle, and in how such cycles are exhibited. Weekly
cycles accounted for very little variance in day to day emotions at the individual level. Analytically, we illustrate how
measurement, change, and interindividual difference models from different traditions may be combined in a practical manner
to describe some of the complexities of human behavior.
The authors gratefully acknowledge the support provided by grant T32 AG20500 from the National Institute on Aging in the preparation
of this article. Special thanks to those at the Institute for Developmental and Health Research Methodology at the University
of Virginia and to Paul De Boeck and the reviewers for helpful comments on earlier versions of this work. 相似文献
32.
Hattori Y Kuroshima H Fujita K 《Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983)》2005,119(3):335-342
Using an experimentally induced cooperation task, the authors investigated whether tufted capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) share the following 3 characteristics of cooperation with humans: division of labor, communication, and reciprocal altruism. In Experiment 1, the authors trained individual monkeys to perform the necessary sequence of actions for rewards and tested them in pairs to assess whether they could solve the task by spontaneously dividing the sequence of actions. All pairs solved this task. In Experiment 2, monkeys worked in the cooperation task and a task requiring no partner help. They looked at the partner significantly longer in the former task than in the latter, but communicative intent could not be determined. In Experiment 3, only 1 of 2 participants obtained a reward on each trial. Monkeys maintained cooperation when their roles were reversed on alternate trials. Their cooperative performances demonstrated division of labor; results suggest task-related communication and reciprocal altruism. 相似文献
33.
Anderson JR Awazu S Fujita K 《Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983)》2004,118(1):58-64
Squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) that had learned to reach toward 1 piece of food instead of 4 in a reverse-reward contingency were tested after an 8-month delay with no intervening relevant experiences. All monkeys except 1 continued to show inhibitory control by reliably reaching toward the smaller quantity, most of them doing so within 2 sessions. Performance was maintained when a low-preference food replaced prized foods as arrays and rewards. When the quantities 1 and 4 were replaced with different ones, there was strong evidence of transposition at group level, although individual differences in bias toward the smaller quantities became apparent. Individual differences in mastering the original task more than 8 months previously were quite stable, suggesting robustness in the operations required for this form of self-control. 相似文献
34.
Miyazaki T Shimizu T Komaki G Fujita O Tsuboi H Kobayahi F Kawamura N 《Psychological reports》2003,93(1):26-34
The expression of anger in Japanese people is different from that of other races. We developed a new brief inventory, the Overt-Covert Aggression Inventory, to assess aggressive behavior ofJapanese people by focusing on their uniqueness and examined its reliability and validity. This inventory, the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale, the Japanese version of the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire, and the Picture-Frustration Study were administered to 3,104 men and 316 women in a factory. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, concurrent validity, and construct validity of the scale were examined. We confirmed that the Overt-Covert Aggression Inventory has adequate reliability and sufficient concurrent validity, however, further studies of the construct validity and discriminant validity are required. 相似文献
35.
The partial derivative matrices of the class of orthomax-rotated factor loadings with respect to the unrotated maximum likelihood factor loadings are derived. The reported results are useful for obtaining standard errors of the orthomax-rotated factor loadings, with or without row normalization (standardization) of the initial factor loading matrix for rotation. Using a numerical example, we verify our analytic formulas by comparing the obtained standard error estimates with that from some existing methods. Some advantages of the current approach are discussed.Authorship is determined by alphabetical order. The authors contributed equally to the research. Kentaro Hayashi is now at the Department of Mathematics, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA 17837 (email: khayashi@Bucknell.edu). Yiu-Fai Yung is now at the SAS Institute, Inc., SAS Campus Drive, Cary, NC 27513 (email: yiyung@wnt.sas.com).Part of the research was completed while Yiu-Fai Yung was a visiting scholar at the Department of Psychology, the Ohio State University. The visit was supported in part by grant N4856118101 from the NIMH and the Mason and Linda Stephenson Travel Award from the Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. The authors are grateful to Michael Browne who suggested some relevant references and provided valuable comments on the research, and to Robert Cudeck who provided the FAS program for the numerical comparison. The expert comments by the reviewers are deeply appreciated. 相似文献
36.
Animal Cognition - Integrating local motion signals detected by the primary motion detector is crucial for representing a rigid, two-dimensional motion. The nature of motion integration has been... 相似文献
37.
Otsu A Chinami M Morgenthale S Kaneko Y Fujita D Shirakawa T 《Perceptual and motor skills》2006,102(2):603-608
We studied the correlations among sunspot numbers, business cycles, and suicide mortalitites. Based on data from Japan between 1971 and 2001, a significant negative correlation between sunspot numbers and unemployment rate was found, R= -.17. The correlation between suicide mortality and unemployment rate was positive for males (R=.46) and negative for females (R =-.69). Both are statistically significant. The hypothesis that variation of sun activity may affect the economy and the unemployment rate and hence increase the male suicide mortality is raised. 相似文献
38.
The ability of four tufted capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) to recognize the causal connection between seeing and knowing was investigated. The subjects were trained to follow a suggestion
about the location of hidden food provided by a trainer who knew where the food was (the knower) in preference to a trainer
who did not (the guesser). The experimenter baited one of three opaque containers behind a cardboard screen so that the subjects
could not see which of the containers hid the reward. In experiment 1, the knower appeared first in front of the apparatus
and looked into each container; next, the guesser appeared but did not look into any containers. Then the knower touched the
correct cup while the guesser touched one of the three randomly. The capuchin monkeys gradually learned to reach toward the
cup that the knower suggested. In experiment 2, the subjects adapted to a novel variant of the task, in which the guesser
touched but did not look into any of the containers. In experiment 3, the monkeys adapted again when the knower and the guesser
appeared in a random order. These results suggest that capuchin monkeys can learn to recognize the relationship between seeing
and knowing.
Accepted after revision: 10 September 2001
Electronic Publication 相似文献
39.
Anderson JR Kuroshima H Kuwahata H Fujita K Vick SJ 《Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983)》2001,115(3):282-293
Three squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) learned to reach toward a container that covered food if a cooperative trainer rewarded such reaches by giving the food. A competitive trainer kept any food found, but wrong selections by this trainer were also rewarded. The monkeys initially reached toward the baited container indiscriminately, but gradually and with the aid of color-cued containers, all 3 reliably reached "honestly" and "deceptively" in the presence of the cooperative and competitive trainers, respectively. The monkeys did not appear to take the trainers' knowledge about the location of the food into account, and deception did not occur if food was placed under the normally unbaited container. With additional containers present, monkeys misled the competitive trainer into selecting the unbaited container farthest from the baited one. Although not indicative of mental attribution, the monkeys' behavior suggests awareness of the acquired communicative function of the reaching response. 相似文献
40.
Kazuo Fujita 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》2001,63(1):115-125
In a two-dimensional drawing, when the narrow edge of a bar appears to touch the edge of a large rectangle, humans overestimate the length of the bar (Kanizsa, 1979). Kanizsa has suggested that this illusion occurs because humans perceive the bar as continuing behind the rectangle and complete the “occluded” portion of the bar. Rhesus monkeys and pigeons were trained to classify black target bars with a variety of lengths as “long” or “short.” In training, the bar was always located at the same distance from a gray box. After learning this discrimination, the subjects were tested on novel stimuli, in which the bar was located at three new locations. Monkeys showed a consistent response bias for “long” when the bar touched the box, but pigeons did not. Monkeys appear to have completed the “occluded” part like humans, whereas pigeons failed to do so. Because this procedure does not require animals to complete the “occluded” part with any particular form, their failure suggests that pigeons do not even perceive the target bar as continuing behind the “occluding” figure. The failure of pigeons may be due to difficulty in perceiving depth from two-dimensional drawings. 相似文献