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61.
Steven H. Woodward Ph.D. Kent D. Drescher Ph.D. Ronald T. Murphy Ph.D. Joseph I. Ruzek Ph.D. David W. Foy Ph.D. Ned J. Arsenault B.A. Fred D. Gusman L.C.S.W. 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》1997,32(1):19-30
The objective of this study was to assess, via heart rate, the arousal levels of participants in group trauma reexposure therapy
for posttraumatic stress disorder, and so to better understand this common mode of treatment, particularly in regards to its
presumed curative factor, extinction. Six Vietnam combat-related PTSD inpatients participated twice weekly in group trauma
reexposure therapy during which their electrocardiograms were recorded. Heart rate was quantified continuously off-line. Heart
rates of participantsnot directly engaged in imaginal reexposure to their personal combat traumas consistently exhibited mild linear declines from
the beginnings to the ends of the approximately 2.5 hour sessions. Participants actively engaged in personal combat trauma
reexposure exhibited higher whole-session heart rates. Most also exhibited more specific elevation extending over the later
portions of therapy sessions during which intensive reexposure usually occurred. Surprisingly, no patients exhibitedfocal increases in heart rate concurrent with periods of most intensive traumatic incident review as judged from videotape. Administering
imaginal reexposure in a group context does not preclude substantial physiological (sympathetic) arousal, as is preconditional
for extinction. Under conditions in which the actively engaged reexposure patient is reliably identified, group trauma reexposure
therapy may not provide an opportunity for “vicarious” flooding in nonengaged participants. 相似文献
62.
The influence of instructions and feedback from an experimenter on observational recordings of disruptive behavior was evaluated. Four subject-observers recorded four categories of disruptive behavior from videotapes of children in a classroom setting. Two sets of videotapes, labelled "baseline" and "treatment", were matched for rates of disruptive behavior in each category. The observers were told that two target behaviors were expected to decrease and the other two control behaviors were not expected to change during the treatment condition. During observational recording of treatment videotapes, the observers were given positive feedback when they reported decreases in the two target behaviors, and negative feedback when they reported either to change or increases in the two control behaviors. The target behaviors were recorded less frequently by observers, while recordings of control behaviors were unaffected during the treatment phase. These results suggest that contingent feedback to observers should be avoided as a possible source of bias in behavioral recordings. 相似文献
63.
Larry W. King Sherwin B. Cotler Kent Patterson 《American journal of community psychology》1975,3(3):229-235
Following consultation by two psychologists with an elementary school populated primarily by Mexican-American students, absenteeism was chosen as the first problem area to attempt to change. A between-groups experimental design was used to evaluate the effect of contigent rewards on the students' attendance. Analysis of the data showed no improvement in attendance. The results of the study were discussed in terms of (1) a more thorough behavior analysis of the absenteeism problem, (2) methodological restraints of a between-groups experimental design, (3) the need for consultants to be familiar with the community in which they work, and (4) relatedly, the success of the local school psychologist in implementing behavior modification programs. 相似文献
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R. D. Kent 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》1976,28(3):483-489
Using a metric of syllabic complexity derived from a syntagmatic theory of syllabic production, in which syllabic recoding expands a syllable into an optional initial consonant group and an obligatory vowel group, MacKay (1974) examined the relationship between the complexity of syllables and their durations in a task of rapid repetition. He concluded from spectrographic measurements of the test syllables that the complexity metric was a good predictor of the syllable durations, and hence syllable repetition rates. The present report demonstrates that comparable, if not better, predictions are made by a simpler theory based on the recoding of syllable structures as series of CV combinations, with appropriate reductions of C or V segments. 相似文献
66.
Medical students who had to undergo an important set of examinations were asked to fill out two questionnaires, the first early in the term, the second 1 or 2 wk before the exams. Students whose anxiety increased substantially between the two questionnaire administrations reported that their thoughts had become more intrusive on a number of parameters including distress, frequency and dismissability. Subjects whose anxiety increased only moderately or not at all reported correspondingly smaller changes in intrusiveness. There was considerable stability in reported cognitions over time, but changes in anxiety were related to changes in reports of thought content. The perceived probability of negative outcomes did not vary over time. These results indicate that changes in anxiety levels over time are related to several parameters of intrusiveness as well as thought content. 相似文献
67.
Donald F. Hutchings Douglas R. Denney JoAnn Basgall B.Kent Houston 《Behaviour research and therapy》1980,18(3):181-190
Sixty-three generally anxious subjects were assigned to anxiety management training, applied relaxation training, relaxation-only, placebo and untreated control conditions. After 6 weeks of treatment, anxiety management training led to reductions on a variety of self-report measures of state and trait anxiety and decreases in maladaptive cognitions during a laboratory stress procedure. On several measures, subjects in anxiety management training differed from relaxation-only and placebo subjects as well as untreated controls. However, treatment effects did not extend to performance and physiological measures of anxiety. Applied relaxation training, which in contrast to anxiety management training lacks structured rehearsal involving the recognition and reduction of tension cues during the treatment sessions, resulted in less consistent decreases in measures of general anxiety. 相似文献
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