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911.
The purpose of the present study was to examine the role of interest-present job congruency as a moderator of the relationship between job tenure and job satisfaction and mental health. In a sample of 54 middle managers, significant moderator effects were found for the mental health indices of self-esteem, life-satisfaction, and overall mental health and for satisfaction with supervision. As expected, these indices correlated positively with job tenure for high congruency individuals. For low congruency individuals, the relationships were expected to be negative. However, the obtained correlations did not differ significantly from zero. 相似文献
912.
Mary J. Naus Peter A. Ornstein Kenneth Kreshtool 《Journal of experimental child psychology》1977,23(2):252-265
An overt rehearsal procedure was used to study the relationship between children's rehearsal strategies and their memory performance under different conditions of test expectation. Previous work has shown that developmental differences in rehearsal content affect recall performance. This study was designed to address the question of why active rehearsal content results in superior recall performance. The equivalence of recognition-memory performance for third- (age 9) and sixthgraders (age 12) suggests that developmental differences in recall are due to the effects of rehearsal content on item retrieval from permanent memory. In addition, the data indicate that third- and sixth-graders can differentiate between expected recall and recognition tests and, with the exception of the sixth-grade boys, use this information to modify their rehearsal content. These differences in rehearsal content, as a function of the type of test expected, corresponded to changes in recall performance. 相似文献
913.
David A. Grant Jeffrey A. Kadlac Marian Schwartz Michael J. Zajano Joseph B. Hellige Louise C. Perry Kenneth B. Solberg 《Memory & cognition》1977,5(4):491-498
This experiment investigated speed of processing the grammaticality of phrases consisting of the adjective “one” or “two” followed by a singular or plural noun. The subject’s task was to press one of two keys, depending upon whether the phrase was grammatically correct or incorrect. There were eight types of phrases, formed by the factorial combinations of singular or plural adjectives, singular or plural nouns, and high or low noun imageD’. These served as within-subjects variables. Between-subjects variables were the factorial combinations of sex of subject, duration of stimulus phrase (.2 or 2.5 sec), and hand assigned to the correct-grammar key. A fourth between-subjects variable was whether or not the subject reported using an artificial phrase-scanning strategy to determine grammaticality. Correct grammar, singular noun form, high noun imagery, and reported use of the strategy all produced highly significant reductions in reaction times. Only 1% of the interactions were significant. A multistage serial processing model that could be based upon Sternberg’s additive factor paradigm or even Donders’ subtraction method was found to be highly successful in describing the results. 相似文献
914.
Kenneth K. Kidd 《Journal of Fluency Disorders》1977,2(4):259-269
If one considers stuttering to be one possible outcome of a developmental and learning process, it is possible to conclude, a priori, that both environmental variation and genetic variation are likely to be involved in determining those who ever stutter and those who never stutter. Proof exists of the importance of nongenetic (environmental) variation in the etiology of stuttering; no conclusive proof exists of the involvement of genetic variation. The available evidence on the familial concentration of stuttering is compatible with hypotheses that incorporate a major genetic component. According to these hypotheses, the familiality is due to genetic transmission, and the interaction of genetic predisposition with environmental factors is affected by the individual's sex. No conclusion is yet possible on the specific type of genetic transmission. 相似文献
915.
916.
Aid programs can be used as an antidote to social conflict. Under certain conditions, however, they may create hostility. In this experiment subjects representing six hypothetical countries (1) either received or did not receive material aid from a seventh nation and (2) had a high or low level of material need. Attraction for the aid-giver decreased markedly when aid was denied, but increased very little when it was granted. When subjects were high in material needs, the denial of aid produced maximal antagonism. However, when aid was received, high need did not enhance attraction to the donor. The implications of these findings for an exchange theory of attraction and for aid giving are discussed. 相似文献
917.
The purpose of this study was to identify correlates of effective counseling behavior in employment interviewers as measured by the Kelz Counselor Performance Rating Scale. Four demographic variables were studied: age, length of employment as an employment interviewer for a state employment agency, sex, and level of education. Seventeen employment interviewers employed by the Pennsylvania Bureau of Employment Security served as subjects. Significant negative correlations were found between effective counseling behavior as measured by the Kelz Scale and both age and length of employment as an interviewer for a state agency. No relationship was found between the criterion variable and the sex or level of education of the interviewers. Some possible implications of these findings are discussed and tentative hypotheses presented. 相似文献
918.
The general lack of action to prevent nuclear war, despite widespread belief that such a war is likely to occur and knowledge of its catastrophic consequences, can be traced to a sense that individual action does not matter. The absence of perceived differential outcomes for action can also prevent the discrimination of real threats. Therefore, education about the nuclear threat is not likely to be effective unless accompanied by efforts to establish a sense of personal efficacy. 相似文献
919.
A survey of citizen support of a proposal to increase property taxes for public education was conducted in a school district in Illinois. Two social psychological perspectives predicting support were tested. One perspective, derived from social exchange theory, predicted that citizens would base their support of or opposition to a tax increase primarily on perceived self-interested economic gain or loss. A second perspective predicted that non-self-interested concerns, such as attitudes toward the schools, would determine support of or opposition to a tax increase. Although both models received support, the strongest and mat consistent predictors of tax support among those most likely to be voters were the non-self-interested factors. Implications of these findings for public policy and for understanding political behavior are discussed. 相似文献
920.
It has been alleged that populations of learning-disabled (LD) and emotionally disturbed (ED) children are essentially indistinguishable on important intervention-related symptoms. To examine this claim, a direct observation study of social interactions during class, lunch, and recess settings in two public schools was conducted. Teacher ratings of school behavior were also collected. The results indicated that the ED boys exhibited significantly more nonphysical aggression and noncompliance than the LD boys across settings, and that the LD boys had significantly higher rates of physical and non-physical aggression and immature behavior than the LD girls. The correlations between the observations and teachers' ratings were modest but consistent with previous studies. The results are discussed with regard to their assessment and treatment implications.This study was supported, in part, by a grant from the National Institute of Mental Health (MH30058). The authors wish to acknowledge the assistance of the following individuals: Patricia Grayson, James Fogarty, Merrill Zusmer, James Burke, Elizabeth Mulvihill, and the teachers from the Sayville and Premm Learning Centers (L. Fass, J. Gould, K. Jones, C. Lacey, B. Licking, S. Ott, S. Palmer, J. Thorpe, C. Wangenstein, D. Wayne, and L. Wetter). We also wish to thank Michael H. Epstein and Jan Loney for their helpful comments on an earlier draft of this paper. 相似文献