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971.
Judith A. Muskett 《Journal of Beliefs & Values》2016,37(1):1-15
A sample of 1131 members of the Friends associations of six English cathedrals (616 women and 515 men) completed the Francis Psychological Type Scales (FPTS) and a modified version of the Williams Religious Social Capital Index (WRSCI). The data demonstrated that higher levels of religious social capital were found among extraverts (compared with introverts), sensing types (compared with intuitive types), and feeling types (compared with thinking types). No significant differences were found between judging types and perceiving types. The finding that extraverts displayed higher levels of religious social capital poses a challenge for the cathedrals, given that introverts outnumbered extraverts by nearly 2:1 in the Friends groups. Since religious social networks are known to influence generosity with time and money, it is suggested that cathedrals not only develop strategies to recruit more extravert Friends but also devise novel ways of encouraging introvert types to participate in associational activities where social capital will be generated. 相似文献
972.
Jeremy?M.?HammEmail author Raymond?P.?Perry Judith?G.?Chipperfield Jutta?Heckhausen Patti?C.?Parker 《Motivation and emotion》2016,40(6):814-829
Although theory-driven control striving treatments may sustain motivation for individuals navigating life course transitions, their efficacy during these challenging junctures remains unexamined. In a pre-post randomized field study (n = 316), a novel control striving treatment based on Heckhausen et al.’s (Psychol Rev 117:32–60, 2010) motivational theory of life-span development was administered to young adults making the landmark transition to university. For students who faced obstacles to goal attainment, the motivation-enhancing selective secondary control (SSC) striving treatment (vs. no-treatment) increased performance by 8 % in a two-semester course (74.85 % vs. 66.68 %). Consistent with theory, the SSC treatment-performance linkage was mediated by selective secondary and selective primary control in a hypothesized causal sequence. Findings advance the literature by showing control striving treatments can improve performance for some young adults in transition by promoting adaptive changes in theoretically-derived psychological process variables. 相似文献
973.
Using an online survey, the researchers examined new family therapists’ experiences of four types of professional mentoring during their most recently completed family therapy training programs. The sample of 223 was mostly white, North American, female, and trained in master’s level graduate programs within the United States. Mentorship experiences were assessed with a new scale of quantitative items aimed to represent the four most common types of mentorship: psychosocial mentorship, career mentorship, clinical mentorship, and research mentorship. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses identified and supported a four-factor model of mentorship and an assessment scale of 26 items. Characteristics of the students, their mentors, and the programs, as well as the four mentoring factors were used in structural equation modeling to predict student satisfaction with their primary mentoring relationships. Suggestions are made for future research using the “Mentorship in Clinical Training Scale” (MiCTS). In addition, the MiCTS can be useful for measuring student and faculty outcomes with respect to training programs’ mentorship goals. 相似文献
974.
“Subordination” and Nonverbal Sensitivity: A Study and Synthesis of Findings Based on Trait Measures
We conducted a primary study and a meta-analysis on the relation of trait subordination measures to trait measures of sensitivity to nonverbal cues, in order to test the hypothesis that more subordinate individuals have enhanced ability to decode nonverbal cues. In the primary study, subordination measures included socioeconomic background, two dominance scales, a capacity for status scale, a control by powerful others scale, self-ratings of leadership and social status in high school, and for women, measures of sex role values. Sensitivity to nonverbal cues was measured using three psychometric tests, Results showed little overall support for the subordination hypothesis, and some results were significantly opposite to the prediction. The meta-analysis showed that dominance, capacity for status, socioeconomic status, and women's sex role values all had relations to nonverbal sensitivity that were opposite to the predictions of the subordination hypothesis. Future prospects for the subordination hypothesis with respect to nonverbal sensitivity are discussed. 相似文献
975.
976.
In responding to friction with mainstream society, minority groups follow a number of strategies ranging from accommodation to confrontation. This article examines the interaction between contemporary British society and two non‐Christian religions, the Anglo‐Jewish community and Sahaja Yoga. It notes that while these two groups are utterly different in most other respects, they pursue a similar strategy of adopting a low profile in relation to the larger culture. This strategy has the advantage of engendering the minimum amount of controversy and ensuring the greatest freedom of action possible, yet allowing them to maintain their distinctive religious identities. The article concludes with a discussion of the reasons why both groups adopt low, rather than high, profiles and of the ways in which such strategies may change over time. 相似文献
977.
Ruth H. Striegel-Moore Susan Lee Goldman Vicki Garvin Judith Rodin 《Psychology of women quarterly》1996,20(3):393-408
Using a prospective design, this study examined somatic and emotional symptoms of planned pregnancy in a sample of 162 healthy women. All women participated in a baseline (prepregnancy) interview. Seventy women became pregnant and were assessed at each trimester; the 92 nonpregnant controls were interviewed 3, 6, and 9 months after their baseline interview. All participants also completed the Anxiety and Depression subscales of the Symptom Checklist–Revised (SCL 90-R). No significant group differences were found at baseline. As expected, however, pregnant women reported significantly more instances of digestive symptoms (nausea, vomiting, heartburn), fatigue, and moodiness than nonpregnant controls. Discriminant-function analyses found that in the context of all symptom variables, nausea and fatigue were the primary distinguishing features of the first trimester. In the second and third trimester, fatigue and heartburn contributed to the distinction of pregnant and nonpregnant women. Although pregnancy precipitates many physical and psychological changes in this sample of women who had planned pregnancies, our results did not support the notion that pregnancy is either a time of significant emotional turmoil or of heightened emotional well-being. 相似文献
978.
David J. Whitney Judith Diaz Maryann E. Mineghino Karen Powers 《International Journal of Selection & Assessment》1999,7(1):35-45
Differences in test-taker perceptions between overt and personality-based integrity tests were examined. Following administration of both types of integrity tests, 255 undergraduate students provided ratings of perceived face validity and perceived predictive validity. Following receipt of actual test scores, 126 test takers participated in a second phase of the study in which they reported perceptions of distributive justice. Test takers perceived overt integrity tests as having greater face validity and predictive validity than personality-based integrity tests. Perceptions of job-relatedness were not strongly related to test performance on either test type. Distributive justice perceptions were related to test performance, but not type of integrity test. 相似文献
979.
Beth Tescher Judith C. Conger Christine B. Edmondson Anthony J. Conger 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》1999,21(2):117-139
This research explored facets of anger based on a multidimensional-associationistic conceptualization (Berkowitz, 1994) that includes antecedents, behavior, cognitions, and experiential response dimensions. High and low anger-prone individuals responded to six audiotaped situations validated in previous work to be anger provoking. Participants evaluated their own audiotaped responses, as did peer judges. Participants also completed the Social Problem Solving Inventory (SPSI) and the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and they reported on the effect of anger experiences in their lives. Neither self nor peer ratings of the audiotaped responses differentiated the behavior of anger groups. High and low anger-prone individuals, however, differed in the way that they viewed the consequences of their behavior and how anger affected them in general. Furthermore, high anger-prone individuals had elevated levels of pathology on eight of the nine scales of the BSI and scored significantly lower on the SPSI. Results are discussed in terms of assessment of anger proneness, its relationship to psychopathology and implications for future work. 相似文献
980.
Terry D. Bilhartz Rick A. Bruhn Judith E. Olson 《Journal of applied developmental psychology》1999,20(4):615
The relationship between participation in a structured music curriculum and cognitive development was studied with 71 4- through 6-year olds. Children were pre- and posttested with six subtests of the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, fourth edition (SB) and the Young Child Music Skills Assessment (MSA). Approximately one half of the sample participated in a 30-week, 75-minute weekly, parent-involved music curriculum. Statistical analysis showed significant gains for participants receiving music instruction on the MSA and on the SB Bead Memory subtest. Four-order partial correlations analysis found musical treatment influence on Bead Memory scores when the participants were controlled for sex, ethnicity, parental education, and economic class. Treatment also produced higher scores on other SB measurements for select populations. This study suggests a significant correspondence between early music instruction and spatial–temporal reasoning abilities. 相似文献