全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1738篇 |
免费 | 103篇 |
专业分类
1841篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 11篇 |
2022年 | 14篇 |
2021年 | 18篇 |
2020年 | 40篇 |
2019年 | 57篇 |
2018年 | 78篇 |
2017年 | 78篇 |
2016年 | 75篇 |
2015年 | 39篇 |
2014年 | 69篇 |
2013年 | 185篇 |
2012年 | 89篇 |
2011年 | 95篇 |
2010年 | 55篇 |
2009年 | 55篇 |
2008年 | 78篇 |
2007年 | 79篇 |
2006年 | 53篇 |
2005年 | 49篇 |
2004年 | 49篇 |
2003年 | 63篇 |
2002年 | 65篇 |
2001年 | 36篇 |
2000年 | 33篇 |
1999年 | 23篇 |
1998年 | 26篇 |
1997年 | 18篇 |
1996年 | 20篇 |
1995年 | 19篇 |
1994年 | 19篇 |
1993年 | 8篇 |
1992年 | 15篇 |
1991年 | 13篇 |
1990年 | 15篇 |
1989年 | 12篇 |
1988年 | 19篇 |
1987年 | 12篇 |
1986年 | 14篇 |
1985年 | 11篇 |
1984年 | 12篇 |
1982年 | 9篇 |
1981年 | 9篇 |
1980年 | 9篇 |
1979年 | 6篇 |
1978年 | 14篇 |
1976年 | 8篇 |
1973年 | 7篇 |
1969年 | 6篇 |
1968年 | 6篇 |
1966年 | 7篇 |
排序方式: 共有1841条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
81.
This study examines University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT; R. L. Doty, 1995) performance in 133 controls and 54 chronic, medicated outpatients with schizophrenia (SZ) using item-response theory modeling. Results show that UPSIT items contribute to 1 factor, cover a range of 8 standard errors of measurement, and articulate 3 ability levels. Although it is not difficult enough to discriminate among persons of above-average ability, the test has diagnostic utility in detecting moderate impairment. Independent of item difficulty, 13 items differentiate patients from controls. When 45 patients and 45 controls were matched on gender and age, patient accuracy remained significantly reduced. The findings support the test's utility and demonstrate how traditional data analysis is insensitive to complexities in test performance. 相似文献
82.
Rats' operant responding for sucrose rewards in the 1st half of a session can vary directly with the conditions of reward in the 2nd half. The authors investigated whether that induction effect represented an animal model of emotive states. Rats pressed a lever for either ethanol or sucrose rewards in the 1st half of a 40-min session. The reward in the 2nd half of the session was, across conditions, 1% sucrose, a food pellet, or the same reinforcer delivered in the 1st half. When subjects responded for sucrose, upcoming reward type had little influence on responding in the 1st half of the session. However, when subjects responded for ethanol, upcoming 1% sucrose and food-pellet reinforcement both produced increases in responding. The results suggest that the procedure produced different emotive states, but further work is needed to support such a model. The results also have potential applied implications. 相似文献
83.
84.
Learning about life and death in early childhood 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
have argued that young children initially understand biological phenomena in terms of vitalism, a mode of construal in which "life" or "life-force" is the central causal-explanatory concept. This study investigated the development of vitalistic reasoning in young children's concepts of life, the human body and death. Sixty preschool children between the ages of 3 years, 7 months and 5 years, 11 months participated. All children were initially given structured interviews to assess their knowledge of (1) human body function and (2) death. From this sample 40 children in the Training group were taught about the human body and how it functions to maintain life. The Control group (n=20) received no training. All 60 children were subsequently reassessed on their knowledge of human body function and death. Results from the initial interviews indicated that young children who spontaneously appealed to vitalistic concepts in reasoning about human body functioning were also more sophisticated in their understanding of death. Results from the posttraining interviews showed that children readily learned to adopt a vitalistic approach to human body functioning, and that this learning coincided with significant development in their understanding of human body function, and of death. The overall pattern of results supports the claim that the acquisition of a vitalistic causal-explanatory framework serves to structure children's concepts and facilitates learning in the domain of biology. 相似文献
85.
What is "marked" in visual marking? Evidence for effects of configuration in preview search 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Visual search for a conjunction target is facilitated when distractor sets are segmented over time: the preview benefit Watson and Humphreys (1997) suggested that this benefit involved inhibition of old items (visual marking, VM). We investigated whether the preview benefit is sensitive to the configuration of the old distractors. Old distractors changed their location prior to the occurrence of the new items, while also either changing or maintaining their configuration. Configuration changes disrupted search. The results are consistent with object-based VM, which is sensitive to the configuration of old stimuli. 相似文献
86.
Humphreys MS Dennis S Maguire AM Reynolds K Bolland SW Hughes JD 《Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition》2003,29(5):797-812
Following study, participants received 2 tests. The 1st was a recognition test; the 2nd was designed to tap recollection. The objective was to examine performance on Test 1 conditional on Test 2 performance. In Experiment 1, contrary to process dissociation assumptions, exclusion errors better predicted subsequent recollection than did inclusion errors. In Experiments 2 and 3, with alternate questions posed on Test 2, words having high estimates of recollection with one question had high estimates of familiarity with the other question. Results supported the following: (a) the 2-test procedure has considerable potential for elucidating the relationship between recollection and familiarity; (b) there is substantial evidence for dependency between such processes when estimates are obtained using the process dissociation and remember-know procedures; and (c) order of information access appears to depend on the question posed to the memory system. 相似文献
87.
Early emotional experiences affect developing brain systems that subsequently mediate adult learning and memory in rodents. Here we test for similar effects in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) four years after disruptions in early maternal availability. These conditions were previously shown to generate differences in emotional behavior, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal stress physiology, and right ventral medial prefrontal volumes determined in adulthood by magnetic resonance imaging. This report identifies in the same monkeys variability in reward-related memory on tests with a spatial reversal. Adult monkeys that more often selected locations repeatedly rewarded before each reversal had larger right ventral medial prefrontal volumes, but not hippocampal nor dorsolateral prefrontal volumes on the left or right brain side. Differences in performance were also discerned after each spatial reversal. These findings indicate that maternal availability alters developing ventral medial prefrontal brain regions involved in reward-related memory. 相似文献
88.
Giovanello KS Verfaellie M Keane MM 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2003,3(3):186-194
In two experiments, we tested the hypothesis that medial temporal lobe (MTL) amnesic patients and, likewise, diencephalic
(DNC) amnesic patients evidence a disproportionate deficit in memory for associations in comparison with memory for single
items. In Experiment 1, we equated item recognition in amnesic and control participants and found that, under these conditions,
associative recognition remained impaired both for MTL patients and for DNC patients. To rule out an alternative interpretation
of the results of Experiment 1, in Experiment 2 we compared the performance of amnesic and control participants on a one-item
recognition task and a two-item recognition task that required no memory for the association between members of word pairs.
In the MTL group, when single-item recognition was equated to that of the controls, two-item nonassociative pair memory was
equivalent as well. In the DNC group, nonassociative pair memory was impaired, but this impairment did not fully account for
the impairment in associative memory. These findings indicate that memory for novel associations between items is disproportionately
impaired in comparison with memory for single items in amnesia. 相似文献
89.
The large literature on incidental learning relies almost exclusively on laboratory experiments. Whenever researchers have attempted to demonstrate incidental learning of real-world regularities, they have typically failed to show learning. For example, it is well established that people do not learn regularities in everyday objects, such as the left-right orientation of faces on coins, despite a very large exposure to them. In this report, we examine this apparent contradiction. We argue that most studies exploring real-life incidental learning use tests that are not as sensitive to low-confidence information as those traditionally used in laboratory tasks. Using more sensitive measures, we show that it is possible to learn regularities from British and Japanese cultural life as a direct result of exposure to these regularities. Further, confidence measures suggest that although the information may be acquired incidentally, it can be expressed with and without concomitant awareness of that knowledge. 相似文献
90.
Asymmetric dependencies in perceiving identity and emotion: experiments with morphed faces. 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
We investigated whether an asymmetric relationship between the perception of identity and emotional expressions in faces (Schweinberger & Soukup, 1998) may be related to differences in the relative processing speed of identity and expression information. Stimulus faces were morphed across identity within a given emotional expression, or were morphed across emotion within a given identity. In Experiment 1, consistent classifications of these images were demonstrated across a wide range of morphing, with only a relatively narrow category boundary. At the same time, classification reaction times (RTs) reflected the increased perceptual difficulty of the morphed images. In Experiment 2, we investigated the effects of variations in the irrelevant dimension on judgments of faces with respect to a relevant dimension, using a Garner-type speeded classification task. RTs for expression classifications were strongly influenced by irrelevant identity information. In contrast, RTs for identity classifications were unaffected by irrelevant expression information, and this held even for stimuli in which identity was more difficult and slower to discriminate than expression. This suggests that differences in processing speed cannot account for the asymmetric relationship between identity and emotion perception. Theoretical accounts proposing independence of identity and emotion perception are discussed in the light of these findings. 相似文献