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201.
Words whose spellings represent regular phonemic patterns, such asmint, show advantages in naming and lexical decision tasks over words, such aspint, that have exceptional relations between orthographic and phonemic patterns. We have extended such phenomena to the domain of lexical stress, by showing that disyllabic words whose spellings are consistent with their stress are easier to process than words whose spellings are misleading about stress. Such words are named more quickly and are pronounced with incorrect stress less often (Experiment 1). They are also classified more quickly and accurately in lexical decision tasks (Experiments 2 and 3). These results indicate that literate speakers have learned orthographic correlates to lexical stress in English. In addition, the similarities between results in the phonemic and prosodic domains indicate that models of reading developed for the former could be extended to the latter area. 相似文献
202.
Patricia Kelly 《Islam & Christian-Muslim Relations》1998,9(1):83-102
Canada's Muslim population is rapidly increasing. Initial immigration was hindered by the racist White Canada policy, discarded in 1962. Thereafter, Muslims from South Asia and the Middle East entered Canada in large numbers as professionals and trained workers, as well as substantial numbers of refugees. While the community is well‐integrated economically, in terms of job classification and educational involvement, Muslims face prejudice and discrimination because of their race and religion. The most important challenge is passing on religious and cultural traditions to offspring, not only since their socialization occurs in a secular environment but also because the higher levels of economic and educational success within the Muslim community tend to break down religious and cultural barriers to mixed marriages. While characteristics of Muslim social identity, such as esteem for education and caring for older relatives, are positive factors encouraging group adhesion, negative forces, such as racism, also contribute to group maintenance. 相似文献
203.
The present study investigated the context of occurrence of infant abuse and the behavior of abusive mothers and their infants in pigtail macaques (Macaca nemestrina). Subjects were 8 abusive mothers with their infants and 8 control mother-infant pairs living in 3 captive social groups. The most common forms of abuse were infant crushing and dragging and the most common context of occurrence was social stress. Severe and mild abuse differed in the frequency but not in the type of abuse patterns. Abusive mothers had controlling parenting styles relative to nonabusive mothers, and abused infants played at a later age and less frequently than controls. This study replicates previous findings on the parenting styles of abusive macaque mothers and provides new evidence on the context of occurrence of abuse and its consequences for infant health and social development. 相似文献
204.
Alan Roland Ph.D. Elizabeth Strahan Doris Brothers Ph.D. Ann Belford Ulanov William W. Rich S.T.M. Kathryn Madden M.A. Kathleen Ford C.S.W. Claude Barbre Karen A. Monk S.T.M. Bruce G. Epperly Jill Carlen Kirby M.S. Ed. C.S.W. Michael W. McCann M.Div. Matthew Smith M.A. Loch Kelly M. Div. C.S.W. Beverly J. Stoute M.D. Angelo Paiano M.Div. Barry Ulanov Andrew Forge 《Journal of religion and health》1996,35(4):353-380
205.
Suppression of random-ratio and acceleration of temporally spaced responding by the same prereward stimulus in monkeys 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
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![点击此处可从《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Kelly DD 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》1973,20(3):363-373
A 1-min tone and light signal that preceded two free pellets of food suppressed the random-ratio responding of four rhesus monkeys, but accelerated the same subjects' responding on a differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate schedule in separate sessions. Both schedule-specific interactions occurred during the first presentations of the signal that previously had been paired with food outside the operant sessions. Thus, neither effect was adventitiously produced. In two subjects, both the direction and magnitude of the prereward change in differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate responding appeared related to baseline response rates: the more rapid the baseline responding, the less was the acceleration during the signal. Suppression and acceleration did not appear as dichotomous effects with separate parameters, but as related effects at least partly determined by the characteristics of the baseline operant performance. 相似文献
206.
J G Kelly 《The American psychologist》1971,26(10):897-903
207.
Aversive thresholds following midbrain lesions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
208.
Samuel C. Mclaughlin Martin J. Kelly Robert E. Anderson Teresa G. Wenz 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1968,4(1):45-48
The aim of the experiment was to find out whether saccadiceve movements have any effect on perceived visual directions. ihe method was to alter the parameters of the oculomotor system so that the eye movement made in response to a peripheral target was inappropriate to the retinal locus of its image. It was found that this procedure had no effect on the perceived location of the peripheral target; and it was concluded that a specific retinal locus is more or less rigidly associated with a corresponding visual direction, but not with a particular magnitude of ocular rotation. 相似文献
209.
Bethany?L.?LeonhardtEmail author Kelsey?Benson Sunita?George Kelly?D.?Buck Rheannan?Shaieb Jenifer?L.?Vohs 《Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy》2016,46(4):207-216
One aspect of schizophrenia contributing to its complexity is the lack of insight individuals often have into their illness. While poor insight is prevalent throughout the course of the illness, more severe levels are associated with first-episode psychosis (FEP). Interventions addressing insight are necessary but current treatments have been shown to have limited effectiveness. Thus, a novel intervention, Metacognitive Reflection and Insight Therapy (MERIT), is being studied for its efficacy of improving insight in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. MERIT is an integrative metacognitive therapy consisting of eight elements to assist clients in improving their ability to form complex ideas about themselves and others and to use this knowledge to respond to psychological problems. The present study is a case illustration of the implementation of MERIT to improve insight in FEP. Clinical outcomes were assessed and results showed that the client improved in both metacognition and insight. With replication, these results suggest that integrative metacognitive psychotherapy may serve as an intervention that improves insight in FEP, which marks an important step toward improved interventions for individuals with psychosis. 相似文献
210.
An integrated model for guiding the selection of treatment components for problem behavior maintained by automatic reinforcement
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Wendy K. Berg David P. Wacker Joel E. Ringdahl Jason Stricker Kelly Vinquist Anuradha Salil Kumar Dutt Danielle Dolezal Jeffrey Luke Lisa Kemmerer Jayme Mews 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2016,49(3):617-638
We evaluated the usefulness of 2 assessments to guide treatment selection for individuals whose prior functional analysis indicated that automatic reinforcement maintained their problem behavior. In the 1st assessment, we compared levels of problem behavior during a noncontingent play condition and an alone or ignore condition. In the 2nd, we assessed participants’ relative preferences for automatic reinforcement and social reinforcers in a concurrent‐operants arrangement. We used the results of these 2 assessments to assign 5 participants to a treatment based on noncontingent access to social reinforcers or to a treatment based on differential access to social reinforcers. We conducted monthly probes with the participants over 10 to 12 months to evaluate the effects of the treatment procedures. All participants showed reductions in problem behavior over this period. 相似文献