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991.
Monica O’Kelly 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》2011,29(3):145-157
Wolfe and Naimark (Using rational-emotive therapy effectively. Plenum, New York, 265–301, 1991) claim that women, through sex-role stereotyping, may develop sex-role beliefs that are not helpful. However, there is a
dearth of research in this area with one of the major problems being the lack of an instrument to measure such sex-role beliefs.
To date the Bem Sex Role Inventory has been the main instrument used to measure gender schema. As it has been criticised extensively,
a new instrument to measure gender schema was proposed. The O’Kelly Women’s Belief Scales was therefore developed within a
rational-emotive behaviour therapy framework, reflecting the belief processes of demandingness, awfulising, low frustration
tolerance and negative self rating. Following the development of the scale, questionnaires were sent to 2,562 women working
at a large, multi-site, teaching hospital. Data from the 974 respondents resulted in the development of five subscales of
the O’Kelly Women’s Belief Scales: General Traditional Beliefs, Demands, Awfulising, Low Frustration Tolerance and Negative
Self Rating. Each of these subscales loaded on one factor and had high internal consistency. The scales were shown to have
test–retest reliability and concurrent, divergent and construct validity. 相似文献
992.
Men's genital arousal occurs in response to a limited number of sexual stimuli, whereas women's genital arousal occurs in response to a wide range of sexual stimuli, including those depicting nonpreferred cues. Researchers have hypothesized that women's nonspecific pattern of genital arousal prepares the body for sexual activity, thus functioning to protect the genital organs against injury. If this hypothesis is correct, women should show genital responses to any cues suggesting sexual activity, even unappealing cues that involve nonconsensual sex and extreme violence. Fifteen men and 15 women listened to fourteen 2-min audiotaped narratives that depicted an interaction between a man and a woman and that varied factorially according to the presence of consent, violence, and sexual activity. The results support the preparation hypothesis: Men showed the greatest genital arousal in response to narratives depicting consensual, nonviolent sex, whereas women showed similar responses to all the narratives involving sexual activities, including those describing a sexual assault. 相似文献
993.
Significant discrepancies have been found between interview- and questionnaire-based assessments of psychopathology; however, these studies have typically compared instruments with unmatched item content. The Eating Disorder Examination (EDE), a structured interview, and the questionnaire version of the EDE (EDE-Q) are considered the preeminent assessments of eating disorder symptoms and provide a unique opportunity to examine the concordance of interview- and questionnaire-based instruments with matched item content. The convergence of EDE and EDE-Q scores has been examined previously; however, past studies have been limited by small sample sizes and have not compared the convergence of scores across diagnostic groups. A meta-analysis of 16 studies was conducted to compare the convergence of EDE and EDE-Q scores across studies and diagnostic groups. With regard to the EDE and EDE-Q subscale scores, the overall correlation coefficient effect sizes ranged from .68 to .76. The overall Cohen's d effect sizes ranged from .31 to .62, with participants consistently scoring higher on the questionnaire. For the items measuring behavior frequency, the overall correlation coefficient effect sizes ranged from .37 to .55 for binge eating and .90 to .92 for compensatory behaviors. The overall Cohen's d effect sizes ranged from -0.16 to -0.22, with participants reporting more binge eating on the interview than in the questionnaire in 70% of the studies. These results suggest the interview and questionnaire assess similar constructs but should not be used interchangeably. Additional research is needed to examine the inconsistencies between binge frequency scores on the 2 instruments. 相似文献
994.
Lysaker PH Gumley A Brüne M Vanheule S Buck KD Dimaggio G 《Consciousness and cognition》2011,20(4):1183-1192
While many with schizophrenia experience deficits in metacognition it is unclear whether those deficits are related to other features of illness. To explore this issue, the current study classified participants with schizophrenia as possessing a deficit in both awareness of their own emotions and those of others (n = 30), aware of their own emotions but unaware of the emotions of others (n = 50) and aware of their own emotions and of other’s emotions (n = 17). Groups were compared on assessments of neurocognitive function, symptoms, and history of sexual trauma. ANCOVA controlling for education found that the group unaware of their own emotions and those of others demonstrated poorer verbal memory, processing speed, executive function, less emotional discomfort and higher levels of disorganization symptoms relative to the other groups. The group aware of their own emotions but not those of others had a significantly higher report of childhood sexual abuse. 相似文献
995.
Culver JO MacDonald DJ Thornton AA Sand SR Grant M Bowen DJ Burke H Garcia N Metcalfe KA Weitzel JN 《Journal of genetic counseling》2011,20(3):294-307
BRCA+ breast cancer patients face high risk for a second breast cancer and ovarian cancer. Helping these women decide among risk-reducing options requires effectively conveying complex, emotionally-laden, information. To support their decision-making needs, we developed a web-based decision aid (DA) as an adjunct to genetic counseling. Phase 1 used focus groups to determine decision-making needs. These findings and the Ottawa Decision Support Framework guided the DA development. Phase 2 involved nine focus groups of four stakeholder types (BRCA+ breast cancer patients, breast cancer advocates, and genetics and oncology professionals) to evaluate the DA's decision-making utility, information content, visual display, and implementation. Overall, feedback was very favorable about the DA, especially a values and preferences ranking-exercise and an output page displaying personalized responses. Stakeholders were divided as to whether the DA should be offered at-home versus only in a clinical setting. This well-received DA will be further tested to determine accessibility and effectiveness. 相似文献
996.
Dasch KB Russell HF Kelly EH Gorzkowski JA Mulcahey MJ Betz RR Vogel LC 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2011,18(4):361-371
This study examined coping among caregivers of youth with spinal cord injuries (SCI). Using a cross-sectional survey study
design, 164 caregivers completed a demographics questionnaire and the Brief COPE. Their children, youth with SCI ages 7–18,
completed the Kidcope. T-tests were conducted to examine differences in caregiver coping by demographic and injury-related
factors. Further, logistic regression models were evaluated to examine predictive relationships between caregiver coping and
youth coping. Several demographic and injury-related factors were related to caregiver coping, including caregiver gender,
race, and education, as well as youth gender, age at injury, and time since injury. In the logistic regressions, two caregiver
coping strategies were related to youth coping: caregiver self-blame coping was related to youth self-criticism, and caregiver
behavioral disengagement coping (giving up attempts to cope) was related to youth blaming others coping. The findings suggest
that caregiver coping may play a role in the coping of their children, and should be considered when addressing coping among
youth with SCI. 相似文献
997.
Anxiety disorders, including social phobia, occur often in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD; Gillott, Furniss, & Walter, 2001; Leyfer et al., 2006; Simonoff et al., 2008); however, little is known about the conceptualization and treatment of social phobia in this population. The current study presents the case of “James,” a 6-year-old male with comorbid Asperger's disorder and social phobia. A cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) package, including parent training, psychoeducation, graduated exposure, and reinforced practice, was implemented to decrease avoidance behaviors in social settings. Results showed that James's avoidance behaviors were reduced significantly following intervention, suggesting that a CBT approach may be effective in treating social phobia in children with ASD. The significant influence of CBT on decreasing avoidance behavior in comorbid social phobia and ASD highlights the need for continued investigation of adapting CBT for use with children with ASD. 相似文献
998.
Identification of gene x environment interactions (GxE) for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a crucial component
to understanding the mechanisms underpinning the disorder, as prior work indicates large genetic influences and numerous environmental
risk factors. Building on prior research, children’s appraisals of self-blame were examined as a psychosocial moderator of
latent etiological influences on ADHD via biometric twin models, which provide an omnibus test of GxE while managing the potential
confound of gene-environment correlation. Participants were 246 twin pairs (total n = 492) ages 6–16 years. ADHD behaviors were assessed via mother report on the Child Behavior Checklist. To assess level of
self-blame, each twin completed the Children’s Perception of Inter-parental Conflict scale. Two biometric GxE models were
fit to the data. The first model revealed a significant decrease in genetic effects and a significant increase in unique environmental
influences on ADHD with increasing levels of self-blame. These results generally persisted even after controlling for confounding
effects due to gene-environment correlation in the second model. Results suggest that appraisals of self-blame in relation
to inter-parental conflict may act as a key moderator of etiological contributions to ADHD. 相似文献
999.
Meifen Wei Tsun‐Yao Ku Hwei‐Jane Chen Nathaniel Wade Kelly Yu‐Hsin Liao Gwo‐Jen Guo 《Counseling and values》2012,57(2):162-180
This study examined whether attachment to God moderated the relation between perceived stress and well‐being (i.e., life satisfaction and positive affect) among 183 Chinese Christian international students and immigrants. Results showed significant main effects of (a) perceived stress on life satisfaction and (b) secure attachment to God and avoidant attachment to God on life satisfaction and positive affect. There was a significant interaction of perceived stress and avoidant attachment to God on life satisfaction. Specifically, high avoidant attachment to God exacerbated the association between perceived stress and life satisfaction, whereas low avoidant attachment to God buffered the association between perceived stress and life satisfaction. 相似文献
1000.
Kelly NC Ammerman RT Rausch JR Ris MD Yeates KO Oppenheimer SG Enrile BG 《Child neuropsychology》2012,18(5):417-431
Children and adolescents with spina bifida are at risk for poor neuropsychological functioning and psychological outcomes. The relationship between executive functioning and psychological adjustment is an area worthy of investigation in this population. The current study assessed executive functioning and psychological outcomes in a group of children and adolescents with spina bifida (SBM) (n = 51) and nondisabled controls (n = 45). A mediation model was hypothesized, such that Metacognition, as measured by the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF), mediated the relationship between group status (spina bifida versus nondisabled controls) and psychological outcomes. Results indicated that metacognitive skills fully explained the relationship between group and internalizing and depressive symptoms as reported by mothers. In particular, specific components of the BRIEF Metacognition composite were most responsible for this relationship, including Initiate, Working Memory, and Plan/Organize. The study limitations include its cross-sectional nature that precludes drawing conclusions about causality. The results have implications for treatment interventions for children and adolescents with spina bifida and typically developing individuals. 相似文献