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941.
It makes sense that the more information people share, the better they communicate. To evaluate the effect of knowledge overlap on the effectiveness of communication, participants played a communication game where the "director" identified objects to the "addressee". Pairs either shared information about most objects' names (high overlap), or about the minority of objects' names (low overlap). We found that high-overlap directors tended to use more names than low overlap directors. High overlap directors also used more names with objects whose names only they knew, thereby confusing their addressees more often than low-overlap directors. We conclude that while sharing more knowledge can be beneficial to communication overall, it can cause communication to be locally ineffective. Sharing more information reduces communication effectiveness precisely when there is an opportunity to inform-when people communicate information only they themselves know. 相似文献
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团队共享心智模型的影响因素与效果 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
采用两种测量方法对团队共享心智模型的影响因素与影响效果进行探讨。多元回归和层次回归分析的结果表明,团队成员沟通得越好,就越有利于形成共享心智模型;如果团队中存在搭便车的行为越严重,就越不利于形成共享心智模型;共享心智模型有利于团队有效运作,取得好的绩效;有共享心智模型的团队,成员的满意度比较高,群体效能感较高,并且团队成员之间的密切关系会延续到工作之外;共享心智模型在团队运行过程变量和团队有效性之间起到中介作用。 相似文献
944.
中学生知识学习观研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用自编的《中学生知识学习观量表》,探讨了中学生知识学习观的现状和特点。结果表明:(1)中学生的知识学习观在总体上还是建设性的;(2)不同性别、文理科学生在知识学习观各维度上存在显著差异;(3)初中生的知识学习观比高中生的知识学习观更具建构性;(4)不同成绩水平的学生在知识学习观各维度上存在显著的差异,知识学习过程观、知识价值观、知识学习态度观是中学生学习成绩的有效预测变量。 相似文献
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Ling-ling Wu 《Acta psychologica》2009,132(2):173-189
In three experiments, participants received nouns or noun phrases for objects and verbally generated their properties (“feature listing”). Several sources of evidence indicated that participants constructed perceptual simulations to generate properties for the noun phrases during conceptual combination. First, the production of object properties for noun phrases depended on occlusion, with unoccluded properties being generated more often than occluded properties. Because a perceptual variable affected conceptual combination, perceptual simulations appeared central to combining the concepts for modifiers and head nouns. Second, neutral participants produced the same distributions of properties as participants instructed to describe images, suggesting that the conceptual representations used by neutral participants were similar to the mental images used by imagery participants. Furthermore, the property distributions for neutral and imagery participants differed from those for participants instructed to produce word associations. Third, participants produced large amounts of information about background situations associated with the object cues, suggesting that the simulations used to generate properties were situated. The experiments ruled out alternative explanations that simulation effects occur only for familiar noun phrases associated with perceptual memories and that rules associated with modifiers produce occlusion effects. A process model of the property generation task grounded in simulation mechanisms is presented. The possibility of integrating the simulation account of conceptual combination with traditional accounts and well-established findings is explored. 相似文献
948.
Mai Yiling Zhang Xin Li Zetian Wu Xiaohua Zeng Baoer Fang Yuan Zou Laiquan Zhao Jiubo Hummel Thomas 《Neuropsychology review》2020,30(2):251-266
Neuropsychology Review - Researchers have examined if olfaction is a sensitive biomarker of anorexia nervosa, but considerable heterogeneity across studies makes it difficult to reach a consensus.... 相似文献
949.
伊斯兰教法是以宗教名义制定的制约信仰者日常生活的行为规范。教法学研究不仅受到东方穆斯林学者的重视,近百年来也成为西方学术界伊斯兰教研究关注的重要领域之一。本文在以往研究的基础上,就近代以来西方学者在伊斯兰教法学研究方面所取得的成果、提出的理论观点、学术价值以及在方法论方面与东方穆斯林学者的异同做了较为系统的论述。本文认为,由于世界观、人生观、价值观等方面的差异,欧美西方学者关于教法传统的研究和著述,有其长处和短处,但其学术价值已然得到中外学术界的广泛赞赏和肯定。在改革开放的大环境下,宗教研究应当吸纳、借鉴一切有益的学术研究成果。 相似文献
950.
Karen Wu Chuansheng Chen Ellen Greenberger Yunxin Wang Daiming Xiu Bin Liu Chunhui Chen Jin Li Wen Chen Qi Dong 《Personal Relationships》2020,27(2):336-365
The authors tested whether partner idealization was positively associated with relationship quality among 105 intraracially dating Asian American couples (Study 1) and 98 Chinese couples (Study 2) through two methods. The commonly used residual‐based approach found, in both samples, the positive associations between idealizing a partner and relationship quality previously documented among European/European Americans. In contrast, the piece‐wise regression analysis, which distinguished between idealization and derogation, found few positive associations between idealizing a partner and relationship quality. Similarly, being the object of idealization rarely predicted greater relationship quality for either sample, even when perceived idealization was tested. Derogation, however, predicted relationship outcomes. Therefore, future studies should focus on negative behaviors or attitudes (or the lack thereof) in understanding relationship outcomes. 相似文献