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301.
Keith R. Cruise Monica A. Marsee Danielle M. Dandreaux Debra K. DePrato 《Journal of child and family studies》2007,16(5):615-625
Recent research indicates that adjudicated female youth have higher rates of mental health problems and histories of trauma
exposure and abuse relative to adjudicated male youth. These differences are important for gender-specific assessment, intervention,
and management strategies. We replicated a subtyping strategy for adjudicated female youth based on mental health screening
data from the Massachusetts Youth Screening Instrument-2 (MAYSI-2) by investigating subtype differences on trauma symptoms,
abuse history, and other background variables. Cluster analysis of the standard MAYSI-2 scales revealed a three cluster solution
replicating results from a prior study. Additionally, results indicated expected differences between female youth with mental
health problems compared to those without mental health problems with co-occurring female youth (i.e., self-reported mental
health and substance abuse problems) having have greater mental health problems and more extensive abuse histories compared
to other subtypes. 相似文献
302.
303.
ABSTRACT— Research across disciplines suggests that bad is stronger than good and that individuals punish deception more than they reward honesty. However, methodological issues in previous research limit the latter conclusion. Three experiments resolved these issues and consistently found the opposite pattern: Individuals rewarded honesty more frequently and intensely than they punished deception. Experiment 2 extended these counterintuitive findings by revealing a divergence between evaluation and behavior: Evaluative reactions to deception were stronger than those to honesty, but behavioral intentions in response to honesty were stronger than those in response to deception. In addition, individuals wanted to avoid deceivers more than they wanted to approach honest actors. Experiment 3 found that punishment, but not reward, frequencies were sensitive to costs. Moderated-mediation tests revealed the role of different psychological mechanisms: Negative affect drove punishments, whereas perceived trustworthiness drove rewards. Overall, bad appears to be stronger than good in influencing psychological reactions, but good seems to be stronger than bad in influencing behavior. 相似文献
304.
Karsten Mueller Keith Hattrup Natascha Hausmann 《Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology》2009,82(3):551-573
The present research examined the role of national differences in positivity as an explanation of cross‐national variation in job satisfaction (JS) ratings. National positivity values were derived from a sample of current employees by calculating the mean residual in a regression of global JS on mean facet satisfaction ratings. As predicted, the positivity values derived in the present research showed convergent validity with other indices of nation‐level positivity, and national differences in extraversion. National differences in positivity showed significant incremental associations with national differences in JS ratings after controlling for the effects of acquiescence, perceived differences in working conditions, and national development. Theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed. 相似文献
305.
Joshua D. Miller W. Keith Campbell Diana L. Young Chad E. Lakey Dennis E. Reidy Amos Zeichner Adam S. Goodie 《Journal of personality》2009,77(3):761-794
ABSTRACT A recent meta-analysis ( S. Vazire & D. C. Funder, 2006 ) suggested that narcissism and impulsivity are related and that impulsivity partially accounts for the relation between narcissism and self-defeating behaviors (SDB). This research examines these hypotheses in two studies and tests a competing hypothesis that Extraversion and Agreeableness account for this relation. In Study 1 , we examined the relations among narcissism, impulsivity, and aggression. Both narcissism and impulsivity predicted aggression, but impulsivity did not mediate the narcissism–aggression relation. In Study 2 , narcissism was related to a measure of SDB and manifested divergent relations with a range of impulsivity traits from three measures. None of the impulsivity models accounted for the narcissism–SDB relation, although there were unique mediating paths for traits related to sensation and fun seeking. The domains of Extraversion and low Agreeableness successfully mediated the entire narcissism–SDB relation. We address the discrepancy between the current and meta-analytic findings. 相似文献
306.
In the present study, we examined the time course of semantic and syntactic processing when Chinese is read. Readers’ eye
movements were monitored, and the relation between a single-character critical word and the sentence context was manipulated
such that three kinds of sentences were developed: (1) congruent, (2) those with a semantic violation, and (3) those with
both a semantic and a syntactic violation. The eye movement data showed that the first-pass reading times were significantly
longer for the target region in the two violation conditions than in the congruent condition. Moreover, the semantic + syntactic
violation caused more severe disruption than did the pure semantic violation, as reflected by longer first-pass reading times
for the target region and by longer go-past times for the target region and posttarget region in the former than in the latter
condition. These results suggest that the effects of, at least, a semantic violation can be detected immediately by Chinese
readers and that the processing of syntactic and semantic information is distinct in both first-pass and second-pass reading. 相似文献
307.
The purpose of this investigation was to assess the reliability and validity of eight developmental asset measures among a stratified, random sample (N = 540) of college students to guide health promotion efforts. The sample was randomly split to produce exploratory and confirmatory samples for factor analysis using principal axis factoring and varimax rotation and structural equation modeling techniques. Items were retained on factors if they had high loadings greater than .40 and were not complex. Concurrent validity was examined among substance use (including alcohol and tobacco) and sexual risk-taking variables. Exploratory and confirmatory samples did not differ on demographics. Parallel analysis confirmed the eight theorized constructs. Exploratory factor loadings were greater than .40. Concurrently, validity analyses were in the predicted direction. Cronbach alphas were .70 or greater with the exception of the Future Aspirations asset. Preliminary analyses support the reliability and validity of measuring developmental assets among emerging adults. Implications and potential uses are discussed. 相似文献
308.
Gilliam S Magliano JP Millis KK Levinstein I Boonthum C 《Behavior research methods》2007,39(2):199-204
We are constructing a new computerized test of reading comprehension called the Reading Strategy Assessment Tool (R-SAT).
R-SAT elicits and analyzes verbal protocols that readers generate in response to questions as they read texts. We examined
whether the amount of information available to the reader when reading and answering questions influenced the extent to which
R-SAT accounts for comprehension. We found that R-SAT was most predictive of comprehension when the readers did not have access
to the text as they answered questions. 相似文献
309.
Semantic priming is typically eliminated when participants perform a letter search on the prime, suggesting that semantic activation is conditional upon one's attentional goals. However, in such studies, semantic activation (or the lack thereof) is not measured during the letter search task itself but, instead, is inferred on the basis of the responses given to a later target. In the present study, direct online evidence for semanticactivation was tested using words whose meaning should bias either a positive or a negative response (e.g.,present vs. absent). In Experiment 1, a semantic congruency effect was obtained, with faster responses when the word meaning matched the required response. Experiment 2 replicated the congruency effect while, simultaneously, showing the elimination of semantic priming. It is concluded that letter search does not affect the initiation of semantic activation. Possible accounts for the elimination of priming following letter search include activation-based suppression and transfer-inappropriate processing. 相似文献
310.
Pornsawan Tanchotsrinon Kakanang Maneesri W. Keith Campbell 《Journal of research in personality》2007
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between narcissism and romantic attraction in a collectivistic culture (i.e., Thailand). In Study 1, participants completed a measure of narcissism and rated their attraction to four potential romantic partners. There was an overall preference across participants for caring targets. Additionally, high narcissists were more attracted to admiring and high status targets than were low narcissists. A similar pattern of results was found in Study 2 with targets that were either high caring/low status or high status/low caring. Overall, caring in a partner was highly valued in a collectivistic culture, but narcissism still predicted attraction to targets who offered the potential for self-enhancement. These findings suggest that classically Western self-enhancement can be found in Eastern samples; however, to uncover these self-enhancement processes, researchers might need to use a personality variable such as narcissism. 相似文献