视觉搜索有记忆参与

采用动态搜索任务,系统改变刺激项位置变换的速度,探讨视觉搜索是否有"记忆"参与.结果发现:(1)刺激项位置的变换速度较快时(120 ms/次、220 ms/次),动态搜索的搜索效率显著低于静态搜索;(2)刺激项位置的变换速度较慢时(420 ms/次),动态搜索的搜索效率与静态搜索无差异.该结果表明视觉搜索有"记忆"参与,返回抑制可能是视觉搜索中"记忆"的内在机制.     

呈现形式对于空间工作记忆的影响

实验1比较了被试通过图片和文字布局示意两种呈现形式学习空间布局信息之后进行空间定位的成绩比较,结果发现两种条件下被试在正确率上没有显著差异,但是图片示意的反应比文字示意要快.实验2比较了文字故事叙述和文字布局示意两种呈现形式的空间定位成绩,两种条件下的正确率和反应时没有显著差异.而朝向效应在三种呈现形式条件下均有出现.所以,通过各种呈现形式获得的纯粹的空间信息在工作记忆中的存储机制是相同的.     

职业紧张对企业医院医务人员的影响

探讨企业医院医务人员职业紧张现状及其主要影响因素.随机抽取郑州市15家企业医院医务人员828人,采用OSI-R量表对其职业紧张进行测量.企业医院医务人员的职业任务过重和工作环境较差,个体紧张反应较高,人口学特征是职业紧张的重要影响因素.企业医院医务人员职业紧张水平较高,控制或消除生产环境和劳动过程中的紧张因素,是减少职业紧张危害的根本途径.     

运动觉、布局无关运动与路径整合

路径整合是空间导航的一个重要子领域。本研究采用了一种三角形完成任务的新变式来研究路径整合问题，发现在剥夺被试的视觉输入的前提下，去除被试部分运动觉后，其绩效有不同水平的下降；同时还发现在编码过程中与路径布局无关的不同方向旋转间并无显著性差异。此外，由于本研究是在室外空间中所做的现场研究，故得到的结果优于室内所做的经典研究，进而验证了前人的一个猜测。     

糖尿病的治疗现状与糖尿病教育

糖尿病的发病率逐年升高,发展中国家尤为显著,我国作为世界上主要的发展中国家,如何作好糖尿病的预防、治疗和管理工作,已经成为一个重要社会问题.通过对糖尿病的现状及不同治疗模式对糖尿病患者血糖控制的影响等方面加以阐述,以期引起社会关注,加强糖尿病教育,降低糖尿病的发病率,改善糖尿病患者的治疗效果.     

组织文化预览对企业并购绩效的影响

在Weber和Camerer实验范式的基础上,基于真实并购预览概念提出了组织文化并购预览,通过实验室模拟研究探索了组织文化预览对并购后绩效的影响。结果表明:(1)组织文化预览对提高并购后组织绩效有积极作用,其中双向组织文化预览对改善并购后的整体绩效以及主、并双方各自的绩效都有显著的积极作用,而单向组织文化预览未显示出显著的积极影响;(2)组织文化预览可能主要起效于并购后初期,在并购后短期内对整合组织文化有积极促进作用,利于并购后的快速整合。实验结果为组织文化预览在企业并购整合中的应用提供了理论依据和实证支持。     

Implicit memory for novel associations between pictures: effects of stimulus unitization and aging

Studies of implicit memory for novel associations have focused primarily on verbal materials and have highlighted the contribution of conceptually unitized representations to such priming. Using pictorial stimuli in a perceptual identification task, we examined whether new association priming can occur at a purely perceptual level. By manipulating the spatial contiguity of stimuli, we also evaluated whether such priming requires the creation of perceptually unitized representations. Finally, we examined the status of such priming in aging. In Experiment 1, we found that spatial contiguity of stimuli is not necessary for novel pictorial association priming to emerge, although such contiguity does enhance the magnitude of associative priming. In Experiment 2, we found that new association priming is age invariant, regardless of spatial contiguity. In Experiment 3, we provide additional evidence that pictorial association priming is perceptually based. These findings expand the scope and delineate the conditions of novel association priming and inform theories about the nature of implicit memory for new associations.     

Neural correlates of socioeconomic status in the developing human brain

Socioeconomic disparities in childhood are associated with remarkable differences in cognitive and socio-emotional development during a time when dramatic changes are occurring in the brain. Yet, the neurobiological pathways through which socioeconomic status (SES) shapes development remain poorly understood. Behavioral evidence suggests that language, memory, social-emotional processing, and cognitive control exhibit relatively large differences across SES. Here we investigated whether volumetric differences could be observed across SES in several neural regions that support these skills. In a sample of 60 socioeconomically diverse children, highly significant SES differences in regional brain volume were observed in the hippocampus and the amygdala. In addition, SES × age interactions were observed in the left superior temporal gyrus and left inferior frontal gyrus, suggesting increasing SES differences with age in these regions. These results were not explained by differences in gender, race or IQ. Likely mechanisms include differences in the home linguistic environment and exposure to stress, which may serve as targets for intervention at a time of high neural plasticity.     

Examining the Relationship Between Gender DIF and Language Complexity in Mathematics Assessments

This study investigated whether the linguistic complexity of items leads to gender differential item functioning (DIF) on mathematics assessments. Two forms of a mathematics test were developed. The first form consisted of algebra items based on mathematical expressions, terms, and equations. In the second form, the same items were written as word problems without changing their contents and solutions. The test forms were given to a sample of 671 sixth-grade students from 10 middle schools in Turkey. The tests were administered to the students with a 4-week interval. Explanatory item response modeling and logistic regression approaches were used to examine gender DIF. Several word problems were flagged as having gender DIF in favor of female examinees, whereas mathematically expressed forms of the same items did not function differently across male and female examinees. The verbal content of word problems seems to influence the way males and females respond to items.