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141.
J H Gist J McFarlane A Malecha N Fredland P Schultz P Willson 《Behavioral sciences & the law》2001,19(5-6):637-647
Not all women who apply qualify for a civil protective order. This study compares the type and severity of violence reported by women who qualified with that experienced by women who did not qualify. Ninety women seeking a protective order against a male intimate were interviewed. Findings indicated that 28% of women applying for a protective order did not qualify primarily because of cohabitation requirements or childbearing status. Actual and threatened violence was measured with the 46-item Severity of Violence Against Women Scale. A 17-item questionnaire measured stalking behavior. Levels of reported violence for the preceding 3 months were measured for the two groups. The symbolic threat behavior only of throwing, smashing, or breaking an object was significantly higher for qualifying women. The physical abuse behavior only of being pushed, shoved, or pulled was significantly higher. None of the stalking behaviors were significantly different. Data are urgently needed that document the barriers to abused women receiving protective orders, the relevancy of qualifying criteria, and the effectiveness of protective orders issued. 相似文献
142.
With Hope and Imagination: Imaginative Moral Decision-Making in Neonatal Intensive Care Units 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Although the role of imagination in moral reasoning is often neglected, recent literature, mostly of pragmatist signature,
points to imagination as one of its central elements. In this article we develop some of their arguments by looking at the
moral role of imagination in practice, in particular the practice of neonatal intensive care. Drawing on empirical research,
we analyze a decision-making process in various stages: delivery, staff meeting, and reflection afterwards. We show how imagination
aids medical practitioners demarcating moral categories, tuning their actions, and exploring long-range consequences of decisions.
We argue that imagination helps to bring about at least four kinds of integration in the moral decision-making process: personal
integration by creating a moral self-image in moments of reflection; social integration by aiding the conciliation of the
diverging perspectives of the people involved; temporal integration by facilitating the parties to transcend the present moment
and connect past, present, and future; and epistemological integration by helping to combine the various forms of knowledge
and experience needed to make moral decisions. Furthermore, we argue that the role of imagination in these moral decision-processes
is limited in several significant ways. Rather than being a solution itself, it is merely an aid and cannot replace the decision
itself. Finally, there are also limits to the practical relevance of this theoretical reflection. In the end, it is up to
care professionals as reflective practitioners to re-imagine the practice of intensive care and make the right decisions with
hope and imagination.
相似文献
Mark CoeckelberghEmail: |
143.
Annemarie Loseman Joost Miedema Kees Van den Bos Riël Vermunt 《Australian journal of psychology》2009,61(1):13-21
Two studies examined how people deal with conflicts between their self‐interest concerns and their striving for fairness. Specifically, the affective reactions to outcome arrangements in which people receive better outcomes than comparable other persons, were studied. These arrangements of advantageous inequity constitute situations in which fairness and self‐interest concerns are in conflict. Building on the social psychology of the self, it was predicted, and found, in both field and lab experiments that when people experience a self‐threat, they react more positively to arrangements of advantageous inequity than when not experiencing this threat. This supports the view that people's need for positive information about their selves is an important factor in the underlying psychological processes of the way that people deal with conflicts between their fairness and self‐interest concerns. 相似文献
144.
Natasha B. Schultz Gerald Matthews Joel S. Warm David A. Washburn 《Behavior research methods》2009,41(3):593-597
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between changes in cerebral blood-flow velocity and performance
on a speeded shoot/don’t-shoot task. Brain activity as indicated by cerebral blood-flow velocity (hemovelocity) was recorded
using the transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. A shoot/don’t-shoot decisionmaking task presented participants with threat/nonthreat
stimuli in the form of bull’s-eye images of various colors. Participants were required to shoot threat targets using a laser-modified
handgun. Results support a vigilance decrement in both the performance measures and hemovelocity. Performance, as measured
by reaction time, number of hits, and marksmanship, decreased across the length of the vigil. Hemovelocity slowed across the
left and right hemispheres as the task progressed, and hemovelocity was slower in the right hemisphere than in the left hemisphere. 相似文献
145.
Janine P. Stichter Melissa Stormont Timothy J. Lewis Tia Schultz 《Journal of Behavioral Education》2009,18(4):331-344
The use of effective instructional strategies is clearly emphasized in current educational reform, especially in the area
of reading. The purposes of this study were to investigate the rates at which specific instructional practices (i.e., attention
signals, prior knowledge supports, previews, instructor modeling, student modeling, organizational prompts) were utilized
during literacy time in elementary schools, determine if there were relationships among the instructional variables, and explore
if teachers in Title I schools and teachers in non-Title I schools differed in their use of specific practices. Participants
included teachers and students from 35 classrooms who were each observed for 5 hours, resulting in a total of 175 observation
hours. The Setting Factors Assessment Tool (SFAT) was used to measure the antecedent instructional variables. Main results
included that teachers in non-Title I classrooms used significantly more prior knowledge references than teachers in Title
I schools; the effect size for this finding was large. Several correlations among the instructional variables were significant.
The article concludes with a discussion of the main findings, implications for future research and the limitations of this
study. 相似文献
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148.
Depression-era bank suspensions and failures are conceptualized as products of the first part of what Polanyi (1994) called "The Great Transformation," which involved an imbalanced institutional arrangement in which the economy dominated other institutions. Relying on Durkheim (1897/1951) and Merton (1938, 1968), it is argued that these banking problems accentuated the type of chronic anomie that Durkheim theorized would create normative deregulation and elevated suicide rates over the long-term. Results from county-level analyses are supportive as the 1930 bank suspension rate is positively related to the 2000 suicide rate, controlling for contemporary and historical factors. The mediating roles of integration and chronic anomie are considered, with the latter measured using data from the geocoded General Social Survey. 相似文献
149.
Wim Kamphuis Peter J. M. D. Essens Kees Houttuin Anthony W. K. Gaillard 《Behavior research methods》2010,42(3):739-753
The present article introduces PLATT, a recently developed task environment for controlled experimental research on team performance
in complex environments. PLATT was developed to meet the research demands posed by the complexity that present-day teams face.
It consists of a flexible, modular software architecture and research-specific scenarios. The scenarios can target various
types of tasks (e.g., planning, problem solving, and decision making) in different operational contexts. Different software
configurations can be used to investigate questions pertaining to team structure, team virtuality, and multiteam systems.
We describe the software architecture, one of the scenarios, and the broad range of automated and embedded measurement possibilities
that PLATT offers. To illustrate PLATT’s possibilities, in the present article, we describe a number of experiments that have
used PLATT for a variety of research questions. We conclude that PLATT meets the formulated research demands and provides
researchers with a flexible platform to investigate the complex issues that present-day teams face. 相似文献
150.
Jan-Willem van Prooijen Kees van den Bos Henk A.M. Wilke 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2006,42(5):632-645
The authors focus on the effects an authority’s apparent inconsistency between persons on judgments of relational treatment and procedural justice following negative procedures (i.e., procedures that people commonly regard as unfair). In Experiment 1, participants responded most negatively following a procedure that denied them, but granted another participant, an opportunity to voice an opinion when the intergroup context raised suspicions of bias (i.e., when both the experimenter and another participant were outgroup members). In Experiment 2, participants responded most negatively when the experimenter had expressed biased attitudes in favor of another participant, but this effect occurred only following procedures that denied participants a voice opportunity. We conclude that authority’s biased attitudes help people to make sense of negative procedure information. 相似文献