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451.
Farrell K Shen BJ Mallon S Penedo FJ Antoni MH 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2011,18(1):1-12
Medication non-adherence is common and a primary reason for poor medical outcomes among individuals with heart failure (HF). This study's aims were to determine whether depression, hostility, and the personality-based Millon Behavioral Medicine Diagnostic (MBMD) Medication Abuse scale were associated with medication adherence (e.g., beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, diuretics, statins) beyond contributions of demographic, medical, and psychosocial variables in an ethnically-diverse sample of 105 men and women diagnosed with HF. In hierarchical regression, greater MBMD Medication Abuse scale scores were associated with poorer adherence above and beyond both depression (β?=?.236, t[102]?=?2.113, p?=?.037) and hostility (β?=?.244, t[102]?=?2.506, p?=?.014). The Medication Abuse scale also completely mediated the relationship between adherence and depression. These findings suggest that personality measures such as the MBMD and hostility scales might be utilized in future studies investigating predictors of adherence and also used clinically to predict medication adherence among HF patients. 相似文献
452.
Early literacy individual growth and development indicators (EL-IGDIs) assess preschoolers' expressive vocabulary development and phonological awareness. This study investigated longitudinal change in EL-IGDIs using a large (N=7355), internet-based sample of 36- to 60-month-old United States preschoolers without identified risks for later achievement delays. There were three major findings. First, results identified sensitivity to longitudinal change for all three EL-IGDIs (i.e., Picture naming, Rhyming, and Alliteration). Second, results demonstrated age-related differences in growth rates between 3- and 4-year-olds, especially for Rhyming and Alliteration. Third, preliminary national norms were reported. Discussion highlights the need for research examining the sensitivity of EL-IGDIs for younger preschoolers. 相似文献
453.
Antonio Pierro Lucia Mannetti Arie W. Kruglanski Kristen Klein Edward Orehek 《European journal of social psychology》2012,42(1):103-111
A three‐phase longitudinal study (spread over a month's time) was carried out to investigate attitude's persistence and linkage to behavior as it may be affected by the processing of information about the communication source. The following three independent variables were manipulated: (i) contents of the source of information (implying the communicator to be expert or inexpert on the topic of the communication); (ii) length of the source information (brief versus lengthy); and (iii) message recipients' involvement in the issue at hand (high versus low). Replicating prior research when the source information was brief, it exerted greater persuasive impact under low versus high involvement, and when it was lengthy, it exerted greater persuasive impact under high versus low involvement. Of greater importance, the newly acquired attitudes were more persistent and were linked more strongly to actual behavior when the source information was lengthy (versus brief) provided the recipients had high (versus low) involvement in the issue. These findings were interpreted to mean that just like with the message/issue information in prior research, when processed extensively, source information, too, may contribute to the formation of persistent and behavior‐driving attitudes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
454.
In a visual occlusion task, 4-month-olds were given a dynamic sound cue (following the trajectory of an object), or a static cue (sound remained stationary). Infants' oculomotor anticipations were greater in the Dynamic condition, suggesting that representations of visual occlusion were supported by auditory information. 相似文献
455.
The purpose was to compare self-report and psychophysiological assessment techniques in the measurement of emotional response to body image cues. Female college students (n=53; % Caucasian=53.6; M body mass index=26.1 kg/m2) completed the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI-3) and viewed photos of themselves both unaltered and morphed to simulate weight gain. Response to the photos was assessed by self-report and the affect modulated startle paradigm. EDI-3 Drive for Thinness (DT) and Body Dissatisfaction (BD) scale scores were correlated with startled amplitude for the largest simulated weight gain photo. Startle eye blink amplitude predicted more variance in DT and BD subscales than self-reported response to the image. The affect modulated startle paradigm may provide unique information in the assessment of eating disorder symptomatology that cannot be captured via self-report techniques, and has potential to inform evaluation of treatment outcomes of eating and body image disorders. 相似文献
456.
We review likely neurobiological substrates of cognitions related to fear and anxiety. Cognitive processes are linked to abnormal early activity reflecting hypervigilance in subcortical networks involving the amygdala, hippocampus, and insular cortex, and later recruitment of cortical regulatory resources, including activation of the anterior cingulate cortex and prefrontal cortex to implement avoidant response strategies. Based on this evidence, we present a cognitive-neurobiological information-processing model of fear and anxiety, linking distinct brain structures to specific stages of information processing of perceived threat. 相似文献
457.
The goals of the present study were to examine the recidivism rates of two matched samples of sexual offenders, those released prior to and after sex offender registration and notification (SORN) in New Jersey. The pre-SORN group (1990-1994) included 247 offenders, while the post-SORN group (1996-2000) included 248 offenders. The longitudinal analysis demonstrated that for sex offenders released from prison both prior to and after implementation of SORN, there are clearly two distinguishable groups of sex offenders in relation to patterns of recidivism. More than three-quarters of sex offenders were identified as at low risk of recidivism, with low rates of repeat criminal offenses. By contrast, the high-risk group of offenders was not only more likely to commit future criminal offenses, including sex offenses, but they were also more likely to commit significantly more offenses and to do so fairly quickly following release. Analyses also include an examination of the influence of demographics, substance abuse and mental health issues, treatment history, sex offense incident characteristics, and criminal history on recidivism. Finally, SORN status was not a significant predictor of sex or general recidivism. The study limitations and policy implications are discussed. 相似文献
458.
Kristen K. Ellard Todd J. Farchione David H. Barlow 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2012,34(2):232-243
Qualitative differences between three types of media used for the laboratory induction of emotion (film clips, still images,
and music) were explored using a clinical sample. The relative effectiveness at inducing negative emotion and the degree to
which the induction elicited personally relevant experiences of emotion was examined. Nomothetic and idiographic media were
included as stimuli, and comparisons were made across media types and selection type. Nomothetic and idiographic media did
not significantly differ in levels of negative affect endorsed. Significant differences did emerge between media and selection
types in degree of personal relevance, with nomothetic images rated lowest and idiographic music rated highest. Significant
differences also emerged in ratings of positive affect, with greater personal relevance significantly related to greater positive affect. The qualitative differences in
emotion induction procedures found in this study are discussed in relation to the potential importance of matching emotion
induction procedures to specific emotion-related processes of interest when used for the laboratory study of emotion and psychopathology. 相似文献
459.
Historically, physicians have expressed concern about their patients’ risk of genetic discrimination, which has acted as a
barrier to uptake of genetic services. The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008 (GINA) is intended to protect
patients against employer and health insurance discrimination. Physicians’ awareness and knowledge of GINA has yet to be evaluated.
In 2009, we mailed surveys to 1500 randomly selected members of the American Academy of Family Physicians. Questions measured
physicians’ current knowledge of GINA and their level of concern for genetic discrimination. In total, 401 physicians completed
the survey (response rate 26.9%). Approximately half (54.5%) of physicians had no awareness of GINA. Of physicians who reported
basic knowledge of GINA, the majority were aware of the protections offered for group health insurance (92.7%), private health
insurance (82.9%), and employment (70.7%). Fewer physicians were aware of GINA’s limitations regarding life insurance (53.7%)
and long-term care insurance (58.8%). Physicians demonstrated highest levels of concern for health insurance, life insurance,
and long-term care insurance discrimination, with less concern for employer and family/social discrimination. Level of concern
for the risk of genetic discrimination did not correlate significantly with awareness of GINA. Approximately 17 months after
GINA was signed into federal law, physicians’ knowledge remained limited regarding the existence of this legislation and relevant
details. Physicians who are aware of GINA continue to have significant concerns regarding the risk of genetic discrimination.
This study reveals the need to further educate physicians about the existence of GINA and the protections offered. 相似文献
460.