科研成果与大学教师教学效果的关系研究

对2364门大学课程的评估结果进行分析,从实证角度考察了大学教师的教学效果和科研成果之间的关系。研究结果表明,大学教师的科研成果和教学效果呈正相关,教师的科研对教师的教学有促进作用。     

依恋模式的代际传递性

近几年来,国外发展心理学领域的许多研究者关注“依恋模式的代际传递性”（intergeneration transmission of attachment patterns）,其意为：根据特殊照料者（常常是父母）有关依恋的心理状态可以预测婴儿与特殊照料者之间依恋关系的安全性。该研究领域可以从理论背景、测量方法、研究进展及研究意义这几方面稍作评述。目前该研究领域较为活跃的是代际传递性的内在机制研究。E.Meins（1997）提出“将心比心”（mind-mindedness）的概念,Annie Bernier等（2003）认为其可作为一种内在心理机制来解释依恋模式的代际传递性。     

创造性的公众观的调查研究（Ⅱ）——关于影响创造性的因素

本研究采用调查分析的方法,在预调查的基础上,编制问卷对影响创造性的因素的公众观进行了调查研究,结果发现：1．公众对影响创造性的诸因素的重要性的看法存在差异。2．公众的年龄,教育程度对影响创造性的因素的看法总体影响显著。3．公众的性别、年龄、教育程度对影响创造性的因素的看法总体交互作用显著。4．公众对影响创造性的某些因素的看法分别受性别、年龄、教育程度影响显著。5．公众性别、年龄、教育程度对影响创造性的某些因素的看法交互作用显著。     

视知觉无意识加工的脑机制及其研究进展

本文从脑的解剖和功能结构、神经网络联结及其突触活动基础角度,对视知觉无意识加工脑内可能存在的信息加工方式进行了探讨。视知觉无意识加工既是一个不同特征在大脑的不同区域被平行分布加工的过程,也是一个涉及正向和反向的信息序列加工及意识与无意识相互转化的过程。     

Relationship between job burnout and personal wellness in mental health professionals

This study aimed to determine the nature of the relationship between job burnout and personal wellness among mental health professionals. The authors performed intercorrelations and multivariate multiple regression analyses to identify the relationship between subscales of job burnout and personal wellness. Results showed that all subscales of job burnout, except for the Negative Work Environment subscale, significantly predicted a large amount of the variance in the collective personal wellness subscales. Implications for mental health professionals’ clinical practice, training, and supervision and limitations and prospects for future studies are discussed.     

Age-related differences in the brain areas outside the classical language areas among adults using category decision task

Older adults perform much like younger adults on language. This similar level of performance, however, may come about through different underlying brain processes. In the present study, we evaluated age-related differences in the brain areas outside the typical language areas among adults using a category decision task. Our results showed that similar activation patterns were found in classical language processing areas across the three age groups although regional lateralization indices in Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas decreased with age. The greatest differences, however, among the three groups were found primarily in the brain areas not associated with core language functioning including the hippocampus, middle frontal gyrus, ventromedial frontal cortex, medial superior parietal cortex and posterior cingulate cortex. Therefore, the non-classical language areas may exhibit an age-related difference between three age groups while the subjects show a similar activation pattern in the core, primary language processing during a semantic decision task.     

With or without a hole: young infants' sensitivity for topological versus geometric property

Evidence from adult psychophysics, brain imaging, and honeybee's behaviour has been reported to support the notion that topological properties are the primitives of visual representation (Chen, 1982 Science 218 699-700). Here, we ask how the sensitivity to topological property might originate during development. Specifically, we tested 1.5- to 6-month-old infants' visual sensitivity for topological versus geometric properties with the forced-choice novelty preference technique. A disk and a ring were used in the topologically different condition (experiment 1), while a disk and a triangle were used in the geometrically different condition (experiment 2). Spontaneous preferences for the disk, the ring, and the triangle were measured pairwise using the preferential looking-time technique (experiment 3). The results showed that infants could reliably discriminate stimuli based on topological differences, but failed to do so with geometric differences. Moreover, in the generalisation task, infants showed higher novelty preference for the topologically different figure (the ring). In addition, the results of both experiments cannot be attributed to a spontaneous preference for the ring or for the disk. Further analysis on individual infants' age and performance revealed two distinct developmental trends. Infants seem to be sensitive to topological differences as young as 1.5 months, while their ability to discriminate geometric differences was at chance before 3 months and gradually improved with age. Taken together, our findings suggested an early sensitivity for topological property, at least for the detection of stimuli with or without a hole.     

The mediating role of work locus of control on the relationship among emotional intelligence,organisational citizenship behaviours,and mental health among nurses

Using a cross‐sectional design to evaluate the perceptions of 242 nurses working in a Malaysian hospital, this study investigates the mediating role of work locus of control (WLOC) on the relationship among emotional intelligence (EI), organisational citizenship behaviours (OCBs), and mental health among nurses. Additionally, the role of EI is examined. Findings indicate that EI correlates positively with OCBs and negatively with mental health and that WLOC mediates the relationship between EI and OCBs. However, WLOC does not mediate the relationship between EI and mental health. An in‐depth understanding of nurses' EI provides insights into health institution management to increase organisational outcomes. Results of this study are interpreted to indicate that EI should be part of nurse training and that OCBs are associated with performance and productivity. It is suggested that EI could also be included in selection processes to encourage growth and development of a health institution.     

Cross‐cultural validation of the factor structure for the Korean version of the Classroom Climate Inventory

The purpose of the present study was to validate the Classroom Climate Inventory (CCI) in Korean middle schools. Specifically, we investigated whether the original eight‐factor structure of the Japanese version of the CCI (Involvement, Affiliation, Friction, Satisfaction, Self‐disclosure, Task Orientation, Order, and Equity) is appropriate for Korean middle schools. The results indicated that the Korean version of the CCI showed a different factor structure from the Japanese CCI. In the cross‐culturally validated CCI, the Friction factor included in the Japanese version was divided into two factors (i.e., Harmony and Conflict), and Equity was excluded. The final model of the Korean CCI displayed acceptable goodness‐of‐fit indices, which indicated that it is a valid instrument by which to measure the classroom climate of Korean middle schools. Lastly, implications for future research and limitations are discussed.     

Which emotional regulatory strategy makes Chinese adolescents happier? A longitudinal study

Growing interest in emotion regulation is reflected in the studies of cognitive and social development. However, the extant studies mainly highlight how emotion regulation develops based on a western value system. This study utilised a longitudinal design to examine the development of emotion regulation and explored the contributions of different regulatory strategies to emotion experience regarding the early adolescent development period in a Chinese population. A total of 303 Chinese adolescents (age range = 10–14 years) were followed up in a three‐phase longitudinal study for 3 years. In each phase of the study, participants completed Adolescents Emotion Regulation Questionnaire and Daily Emotion Scale. Results of hierarchical linear regressions revealed that Chinese adolescents reported more down‐regulation. Down‐regulation is more effective than up‐regulation in enhancing desirable emotion experience and reducing undesirable emotion experience during adolescents' development. Also, the adaptive functions of emotional regulatory strategies in Chinese background were discussed.