词边界信息对发展性阅读障碍儿童朗读和默读影响的眼动研究

以发展性阅读障碍儿童及与其年龄和阅读能力相匹配的儿童为对象,要求他们朗读或默读正常呈现或以词间空格形式呈现的文本,采用眼动仪记录儿童的眼动轨迹,目的是探讨词边界信息的引入对三组儿童朗读和默读的影响。结果发现,相较于正常儿童,阅读障碍儿童需要更多的总注视时间和总注视次数,更短的平均眼跳距离;与默读相比,所有儿童在朗读方式下的阅读加工更困难;相较于默读,词边界信息更多促进了儿童的朗读。     

试论楚简《鲁邦大旱》篇的内容与思想

楚简《鲁邦大旱》篇一、二简 ,是写孔子借“鲁邦大旱”之机 ,在不坚持反对以“说之事鬼”的情况下 ,向鲁哀公提出了“正刑与德”的政治改革对策。三至六简 ,通过写孔子与子贡是否要祭祀求雨的辨难 ,表现了孔子对待祭祀鬼神现实而理性的态度。这与《论语》、帛书《要》篇的记载若合符节 ,可谓信而有征。以此来看孔子的天命观 ,知其“以鬼为不神” ;而不废鬼神之祭是“君子以为文” ,有“神道设教”的用心 ;其虽有“道德之天”的观念 ,但“上天”的主宰只是虚悬一格 ,实质还是强调人事     

Outcome of the Psychological Intervention Program: Internet Use for Youth

The prevalence of problematic Internet use (PIU) is reportedly higher in South East Asian adolescent populations. The exacerbation of problematic adolescent behaviors has been found to associate significantly with PIU and is expected to worsen with age. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)-integrated therapy has been shown to significantly reduce in the presence of psychological symptoms such as depression and social anxiety. The Psychological Intervention Program-Internet Use for Youth (PIP-IU-Y) is a CBT-based program designed for adolescents and comprises of a series of interpersonal skills to improve their face-to-face interaction. It focuses on taking preventative measures against Internet addiction before it develops by addressing the participant’s PIU as a negative coping style and incorporating positive psychological techniques. A total of 157 participants between the ages of 13 and 18 completed the program which consisted of eight weekly, 90 min sessions in a group format. Treatment outcomes were measured using mean change at the end of the program and 1 month post-treatment. The majority of the participants showed improvement after the eight weekly sessions of PIP-IU-Y and continued symptom maintenance at the 1 month follow-up. An overwhelming majority of participants were able to manage PIU symptoms after the intervention program, reinforcing the efficacy of the PIP-IU-Y. Not only did it addresses the PIU behaviour but also helped in reducing social anxiety and increasing social interaction. Further research could investigate treatment differences among the various subtypes of PIU (e.g., online gaming and pornography) in order to see if treatment differences exist.     

霍布斯道德哲学中的理性之思

在霍布斯的道德哲学体系中,对于理性的基础地位一直存在着两种不同理解:一种观点认为在霍布斯的道德哲学中理性只具有工具性的价值;另一种观点则认为霍布斯道德哲学中的理性还具有目的性的价值.实际上,通过考察理性和自我保存以及自然法则之间的关系,可以发现理性不仅可以作为工具实现人们的欲望,而且能够确立人们道德行为的义务和法则,彰显理性在公共生活中的意义和价值.     

脑功能成像在催眠状态中的研究进展

催眠是一种特殊的意识状态。本文从意识状态、疼痛及精神病理现象三个方面对脑功能成像在催眠状态中的研究进展进行了回顾,并对脑功能成像技术进行了比较。提出国内可以借鉴相应的方法来研究中国气功。     

中小学生心理健康服务体系模式的构建

我国中小学生心理健康服务虽取得了较大的发展,但还存在地区发展不平衡、实施条件较差、形式主义倾向严重等诸多问题.为加强我国中小学生心理健康服务体系建设,文章提出了中小学生心理健康服务体系建设的理论模型,具体包括促进学生心理健康水平的心理健康教育体系、矫正学生心理健康问题的心理咨询服务体系、预防突发事件治疗学生心理疾病的心理疾病治疗与危机干预体系等三个子系统,以建立一个符合我国中小学实际的学生心理健康服务体系.     

对应偏差的年龄差异:认知能力限制假设和社会/动机假设相关研究述评

对应偏差(correspondence bias)是指当情境因素已经能够很好地解释某一行为时,观察者仍然倾向于将其归因为行为者稳定的内在特质的现象。随着对应偏差的年龄差异在一系列研究中被证实,研究者也开始探讨造成这一差异的原因。目前主要存在两种假设性的解释,即认知能力限制假设和社会/动机假设。文章着重介绍近年来与这两种假设相关的研究进展。     

内隐联想测验研究进展述评

内隐联想测验作为基于反应时范式的内隐社会认知研究方法,自1998年由Greenwald提出后,得到了广泛的应用。但因其本身具有一定局限性,近10年来,研究者们对这一方法进行了不断地修正和改进,先后发展出了GO／NO—GO联想任务、外部情感西蒙作业等;近几年又提出了单类内隐联想测验、单靶内隐联想测验和单属性内隐联想测验等,这些方法丰富充实了内隐联想测验,是对Greenwald提出的IAT的继承和发展。     

The Effects of a Television Drama-Based Media Literacy Initiative on Taiwanese Adolescents’ Gender Role Attitudes

Sex Roles - For the present study, we developed a television (TV) drama-based media literacy program for Taiwanese adolescents. A quasi-experimental design was used to determine the effects of the...     

The influence of threat and aversive motivation on conflict processing in the Stroop task

Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics - Motivated attention can be driven by the desire to maximize gains or escape punishment. In the Stroop task, when rewards can be obtained by responding...