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121.
122.
视知觉无意识加工中的形状优势效应 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
研究了视知觉无意识加工中是否存在形状优势效应。被试为天津师范大学本科生60名。仪器为pentium lll高分辨率计算机.程序用E-prime心理实验软件系统编制而成。在实验1中,用信号检测论技术发现.当启动图形呈现时间为20ms时.被试是不能觉知到该图形的。在实验2和3中.被试的任务分别是判断图形的形状和颜色,用MANOVA分析启动图形对靶图形的启动效应时发现.启动图形的颜色线索不会影响靶图形的形状判断,但启动图形的形状线索却能抑制或促进靶图形的颜色判断。实验证据提示.在判断物体整体特征时,无意识知觉具有形状优势效应。 相似文献
123.
本研究采用"班级戏剧问卷"对中部一所小学3、4年级的285名儿童进行了3年追踪调查,研究了3年来儿童的外部攻击和关系攻击发展趋势及其在个体间的差异,并探讨了两类攻击行为发展趋势之间的关系。结果表明:(1)童年中后期外部攻击和关系攻击的变化趋势不显著。并且初始测量的外部攻击水平高的儿童,其关系攻击水平也较高;外部攻击行为变化较快的儿童,其关系攻击变化也比较快。(2)男生的外部攻击水平显著高于女生,而关系攻击的性别差异不显著。四年级关系攻击的上升速度快于三年级;初始为关系攻击较高组相对于较低组,他们的关系攻击随时间的上升速度也比较快。 相似文献
124.
曼德勒提出"知觉分析"理论来解释儿童概念起源.她假设概念获得是与知觉相分离的.该理论面临一些理论困难:1)知觉与概念的分离是否可能,2)一些基本概念界定模糊.尽管如此,"知觉分析"理论仍然对儿童概念获得问题做出了有效的解释.我们提倡将"知觉分析"理论和"心理理论"、"推理"和"心理模块性"等领域结合,可以克服"知觉分析"理论自身的困难,也可以对这些领域的研究提供实证支持. 相似文献
125.
The aim of this research was to investigate the mechanisms underlying stimulus-driven attentional capture by feature changes
in basic dimensions, and we chose color for the present investigation. In Experiment 1, participants searched for a target
letter among colored disks containing distractor letters while a disk underwent color change. Although color change was irrelevant
to the task and uninformative about the target position, we found a strong form of stimulus-driven attentional capture. Experiment
2 demonstrated that salient color discontinuity per se could not capture attention, ruling out the possibility that the capture
effect we observed might be due to color discontinuity. In Experiment 3, we observed the capture effect by color change again
in a more optimized experimental design. The present findings show that color change captures attention, supporting our view
that dynamic feature changes can capture attention in a stimulus-driven manner. 相似文献
126.
Liao SM 《The American journal of bioethics : AJOB》2005,5(3):23-5; discussion W4-9
127.
Liao Ming-Ray Dillard Mason H. Hour Jason L. Barnett Lilia A. Whitten Jerry S. Valles Amariani C. Heatley J. Jill Anderson Brian A. Yorzinski Jessica L. 《Animal cognition》2023,26(5):1685-1695
Animal Cognition - Attention can be biased towards previously reward-associated stimuli even when they are task-irrelevant and physically non-salient, although studies of reward-modulated attention... 相似文献
128.
Manqian Liao Hong Jiao 《The British journal of mathematical and statistical psychology》2023,76(1):20-51
Problem-solving strategies, defined as actions people select intentionally to achieve desired objectives, are distinguished from skills that are implemented unintentionally. In education, strategy-oriented instructions that guide students to form problem-solving strategies are found to be more effective for low-achieving students than the skill-oriented instructions designed for enhancing their skill implementation ability. Although the existing longitudinal cognitive diagnosis models (CDMs) can model the change in students' dynamic skill mastery status over time, they are not designed to model the shift in students' problem-solving strategies. This study proposes a longitudinal CDM that considers both between-person multiple strategies and within-person strategy shift. The model, separating the strategy choice process from the skill implementation process, is intended to provide diagnostic information on strategy choice as well as skill mastery status. A simulation study is conducted to evaluate the parameter recovery of the proposed model and investigate the consequences of ignoring the presence of multiple strategies or strategy shift. Further, an empirical data analysis is conducted to illustrate the use of the proposed model to measure strategy shift, growth in skill implementation ability and skill mastery status. 相似文献
129.
Wei Fang Kaiyue Wang Ke Zhang Jiehui Qian 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2023,114(1):112-131
The attentional effect on visual working memory (VWM) has been a heated research topic in the past two decades. Studies show that VWM performance for an attended memory item can be improved by cueing its two-dimensional (2D) spatial location during retention. However, few studies have investigated the effect of attentional selection on VWM in a three-dimensional setting, and it remains unknown whether depth information can produce beneficial attentional effects on 2D visual representations similar to 2D spatial information. Here we conducted four experiments, displaying memory items at various stereoscopic depth planes, and examined the retro-cue effects of four types of cues – a cue would either indicate the 2D or depth location of a memory item, and either in the form of physical (directly pointing to a location) or symbolic (numerically mapping onto a location) cues. We found that retro-cue benefits were only observed for cues directly pointing to a 2D location, whereas a null effect was observed for cues directly pointing to a depth location. However, there was a retro-cue effect when cueing the relative depth order, though the effect was weaker than that for cueing the 2D location. The selective effect on VWM based on 2D spatial attention is different from depth-based attention, and the divergence suggests that an object representation is primarily bound with its 2D spatial location, weakly bound with its depth order but not with its metric depth location. This indicates that attentional selection based on memory for depth, particularly metric depth, is ineffective. 相似文献
130.
青少年的移情与亲社会行为的关系 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
本实验研究选用的被试是144名12-16岁的中学生。研究采用自然实验与量表问卷相结合的方法。 实验结果表明,青少年的移情能力与亲社会行为呈显著的正相关。对实验班施予我们自己设计的“移情训练系列法”能明显提高他们的移情能力,增强亲社会行为。这一技术在青少年思想品德教育中具有实用性价值。 本实验研究只是一种初步的尝试,需要逐步展开,不断深化。 相似文献