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61.
Animal Cognition - Rhythmic ability is important for locomotion, communication, and coordination between group members during the daily life of animals. We aimed to examine the rhythm perception... 相似文献
62.
Shared mealtimes have been found to be important daily rituals with positive effects on behavior and mental health, such as increasing subjective well-being. However, most previous studies have not considered possible barriers to these positive effects, specifically shyness. We investigated the relationships among shared mealtime quality, shyness, and subjective well-being, and the moderating role of shyness in the relationship between the other two variables by surveying a sample of college students (n = 305). Correlational analyses revealed that shared mealtime quality was negatively associated with shyness and positively associated with subjective well-being. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that shared mealtime quality was significantly associated with subjective well-being, as was the interaction between the friend factor of shared mealtime quality and shyness. Therefore, shared mealtime quality might help improve happiness, but shyness should be considered a possible barrier to this beneficial effect when meals are shared with friends. 相似文献
63.
University students often experience depressive symptoms, and strengthening of life skills may be beneficial for improving their mental health. Several studies have suggested that life skills effective in reducing depressive tendencies vary by individuals depending on differences in sensory processing sensitivity (SPS). SPS is a genetically determined trait characterized by sensitivity and reactivity to environmental stimuli. This study investigated the relationship between life skills and depressive tendencies based on individual differences in SPS. A total of 868 Japanese university students (mean age = 19.8 years, SD = 1.3 years) completed a questionnaire measuring levels of SPS—decision-making, interpersonal relationships, effective communication, and emotional coping skills—and depressive tendencies. Hierarchical multiple regression and simple slopes analyses indicated that interpersonal relationship skills were negatively correlated with depression regardless of SPS levels. Furthermore, decision-making skills were negatively correlated with depressive tendencies only in low-SPS students. Emotional coping skills were negatively correlated with depressive tendencies in high-SPS students. These results may help universities incorporate SPS levels when creating life-skills-based interventions for students. 相似文献
64.
Moriguchi Y Evans AD Hiraki K Itakura S Lee K 《Journal of experimental child psychology》2012,111(2):156-163
Prior research has documented that Japanese children's performance on the Dimensional Change Card Sorting (DCCS) task can be influenced by their observation of another person completing the task, which is referred to as social transmission of disinhibition. The current study explored whether Canadian children would also show a social transmission of disinhibition and whether their performance would be comparable to that of Japanese children. In this study, 3- and 4-year-olds in Canada and Japan were given both the standard version and social version of the DCCS. Results indicated that Canadian children displayed the social transmission of disinhibition, but their effects were significantly weaker than those with Japanese children. On the other hand, performance on the standard DCCS was comparable between children in the two countries. We discuss the results in terms of cultural differences in the relationship between self and other. 相似文献
65.
Mori K 《Perceptual and motor skills》2012,114(1):137-140
Twenty-three Japanese genuine left-handers were selected by a Laterality Quotient scale and asked to draw the letter S on their own temples and foreheads. The way they drew on the temples showed an asymmetry that was the mirror reversal of that of right-handers, as found in a previous study. Left-handers drew a reversed letter S on their right temple much more often than on the left temple, whereas right-handers drew them in reverse more often on the left temple. They also drew it in reverse on the forehead irrespective of their handedness. 相似文献
66.
Emotional expressions provide important clues to other individuals’ emotional states, as well as the environmental situations
leading to such states. Although monkeys often modify their behavior in response to others’ expressions, it is unclear whether
this reflects understanding of emotional meanings of expressions, or simpler, non-cognitive processes. The present study investigated
whether a New World monkey species, tufted capuchin monkeys, recognize objects as elicitors of others’ expressions. Observer
monkeys witnessed another individual (demonstrator) reacting either positively or negatively to the contents of one of two
containers and were then allowed to choose one of the containers. The observer preferred the container that evoked positive
expressions in the demonstrator and avoided the container that evoked negative expressions. Thus, the monkeys appropriately
associated the emotional valence of others’ expressions with the container. This finding supports the view that the ability
to represent others’ emotions is not limited to humans and apes. 相似文献
67.
The effects of temperature and electron energy on the electron-irradiation-induced decomposition of sapphire have been investigated by in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was found that the decomposition rate of α-Al2O3 increased with increasing irradiation temperature and decreased with increasing acceleration voltage. The core-hole Auger decay process (K–F model), rather than knock-on displacement, is responsible for the decomposition of α-Al2O3 under electron irradiation. 相似文献
68.
Helium retention in metals is related to their atomic structure and the type of defects they contain. In order to investigate the dependence of helium retention on structure, amorphous Fe79B16Si5 and crystalline FeBSi alloys were irradiated by helium ions at room temperature. In the crystalline alloy irradiated with 5 keV He+ ions, three types of helium trapping sites were found: surface defects produced by the irradiation, interstitial-type dislocation loops, and voids. Although these defects did not exist in the amorphous FeBSi alloy, we did observe thermal desorption peaks related to all three types. In addition, helium was released during the crystallization of amorphous FeBSi that had been irradiated by He+ ions. 相似文献
69.
A. Letoublon T. Ishimasa M. De Boissieu M. Boudard B. Hennion M. Mori 《Philosophical Magazine Letters》2013,93(4):205-213
The stability of the F2-(Al-Pd-Mn) phase has been studied by in-situ neutron diffraction on a single quasicrystal with composition Al69.8Pd21.4Mn8.8. We find that the F2 phase is not stable and corresponds to a transient state in the process of the transformation of the icosahedral phase to the F2M phase. The icosahedral-to-F2Mphase transition occurs at around 715oC. In the F2 phase a large amount of diffuse scattering is located close to the icosahedral Bragg reflection in place of the S 1 superstructure reflections characteristic of the F2m phase. 相似文献
70.
The Japanese writing system employs two distinct categories of characters: Kana and Kanji. The difference between Kana and Kanji writing corresponds roughly to that between phonological and lexical systems in Western languages. When typing, most Japanese use alphabetical characters based purely on phonological rules. In particular, the Romaji system is used, in which a syllable consists of a single vowel, a consonant–vowel compound (e.g., ka, ki), or a sequence of consonant–y(semivowel)–vowel (e.g., kya, kyu). We describe a right-handed Japanese patient who developed pure agraphia that affected Romaji writing but preserved Kana and Kanji writing and who had a lesion in the left pars opercularis of the inferior frontal gyrus that extended to the anterior precentral gyrus. The patient demonstrated literal paragraphia in spelling Romaji across modalities. Our findings suggested that the patient’s agraphia in Romaji after a confined left frontal infarction was manifested by a selective impairment in syllable-to-grapheme conversion. 相似文献