耳蜗退行性病变疗效评价

耳蜗退行性病变所致疾病已成为影响人类生活质量的主要问题之一.本文从发病机制、影响因素、临床决策方面阐述耳蜗退行性病变的研究进展,为耳蜗退行性病变所致的耳聋、耳鸣等疾病的科学研究及临床对策制定提供参考.旨在干预耳蜗退行病变,降低其发生率,提高人们生活质量.     

Building social support for adolescents with suicidal ideation: implications for school guidance and counselling

This study involved interviews with 13 adolescents with high levels of suicidal ideation. It aimed to understand how these adolescents perceived their family, school and peer relationships, and how they perceived these systems as their support. Comparison between adolescents with severe and mild suicidal ideation showed that the family, school and peers could act as effective support systems in times of stress. A close interpersonal relationship was the key factor in unlocking these support systems. The school as a support system was highlighted. Implications for school guidance and counselling to strengthen the social support of adolescents and adolescents' resiliency were discussed.     

Screening of personality disorders among chinese college students by Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4+

Four thousand eight hundred and eleven students were sampled from 26 universities in 21 cities of China and evaluated using the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4+(PDQ-4+). Results showed that male students obtained significantly higher scores than female students on paranoid, schizotypal, antisocial, narcissistic, passive-aggressive, and depressive personality disorder scales, and lower scores on the borderline scale. Students from rural areas scored higher than those from urban areas on the schizoid, schizotypal, narcissistic, avoidant, compulsive-obsessive, passive-aggressive, and depressive personality disorder scales, and lower on the paranoid and dependent scales. Singleton students obtained significantly higher scores than nonsingletons on paranoid, antisocial and dependent scales, and lower on schizoid, avoidant, compulsive-obsessive, passive-aggressive, depressive scales. Students from single-parent families scored significantly higher on the schizotypal scales; and students from foster families scored significantly higher on the antisocial, passive-aggressive, and depressive scales. Students from poor families scored significantly higher than those from average or wealthy families on schizoid, schizotyal, antisocial, borderline, narcissistic, avoidant, obsessive-compulsive, passive-aggressive, and depressive personality disorders. The results suggest that low family income, low social status, and parental style contribute to the development of personality disorders.     

医生职业倦怠及社会、组织影响因素的探讨

医生是职业倦怠研究最早关注的职业之一,通过回顾国内外相关研究,分析了医生职业倦怠的现状,并认为我国现阶段医生的职业倦怠与医疗政策、法制层面存在缺憾、经济和心理回报不够、价值观冲突、缺乏控制、角色冲突等有关。呼吁从社会、组织层面深入研究我国医生的职业倦怠。     

Transforming service employees and climate: a multilevel, multisource examination of transformational leadership in building long-term service relationships

This longitudinal field study integrates the theories of transformational leadership (TFL) and relationship marketing to examine how TFL influences employee service performance and customer relationship outcomes by transforming both (at the micro level) the service employees' attitudes and (at the macro level) the work unit's service climate. Results revealed that, at the individual level, managers' TFL was positively related to employee service performance, which, in turn, positively predicted customers' expressed intention to maintain a long-term service relationship with the service employee and manager-reported number of the employee's long-term customers measured 9 months later. In addition, the relationship between TFL and employee service performance was partially mediated by employee self-efficacy. Furthermore, store-level TFL was positively associated with store-level service climate, and service climate further enhanced the relationship between individual-level TFL and employee service performance.     

情绪评价任务中抑郁个体的分心抑制机制实验研究

本实验使用情绪负启动技术,在情绪评价任务中考察了抑郁个体和正常被试对正、负情绪词分心抑制方面的差异。结果显示,与控制条件下相比,非抑郁控制组被试在负启动条件下对探测显示中正、负性靶子词的反应时间更长;抑郁个体只表现在对探测显示中正性靶子词反应时的延长,负性靶子词未出现负启动效应。结果说明,抑郁个体对负性信息存在抑制机制障碍,对负性信息的偏向与选择性注意中的维持成分有关。这提示心理治疗家应该注重训练抑郁个体对负性信息的抑制能力,预防抑郁复发的目标应集中在注意持续的控制上。     

变革型领导、家长式领导、PM理论与领导有效性关系的比较研究

本研究探索了变革型领导、家长式领导、PM与领导有效性之间的关系。对288份调查数据的层次回归分析表明,与家长式领导相比,PM对员工满意度有更强的预测作用;与PM相比,变革型领导对组织承诺与领导者有效性有更强的预测作用;与家长式领导相比,变革型领导对组织承诺与领导者有效性有更强的预测作用。这表明,在中国这一特殊的文化背景下,变革型领导对领导有效性具有最强的预测力。     

小学2~5年级儿童基于成功基础率的策略适应性

以128名小学2~5年级儿童为被试,采用BST实验任务,对策略成功基础率变化进行控制,探讨了小学儿童策略适应性差异和发展特点。结果表明:（1）在策略成功基础率变化的情况下,小学儿童策略适应性存在年级差异,表现为2年级儿童策略适应性水平低于3年级儿童,2、3年级儿童策略适应性水平低于4、5年级儿童。（2）小学儿童策略适应性发展存在阶段性,儿童在小学2~5年级内策略适应性发生了质的变化,但是这种变化是一种渐进的发展变化过程,表现为从小学2年级到4年级儿童的策略适应性呈现显著的、渐进的变化,4、5年级之间儿童策略适应性处于稳定状态。     

选择盲：你不一定知道自己在选择什么

选择盲是指个体不能觉察他们的偏好与决策结果之间的不匹配, 即人们不能发现真实偏好被操纵, 这一现象在行为经济学中普遍存在。记忆表征理论主要从记忆表征编码的角度分析人们为什么不能发现选择的改变, 选择偏好理论则着重分析人们偏好反转的原因。选择盲的影响因素主要包括选项相似性和虚假反馈等。未来的研究需要从选择盲的心理机制与产生根源、影响因素和应用研究等方面进一步探讨。     

判断与决策中的基线比例忽略

基线比例忽略是指在事件的判断中忽略相关事件统计学上的信息, 而只关注当前呈现的案例信息, 从而造成判断和决策偏差的一种现象。目前对这一现象的解释主要包括双加工理论和线性整合理论, 而影响基线比例忽略的因素有许多方面, 如信息特征、认知能力等等。在未来研究中, 应该深入分析双加工理论的作用机制以及依据模糊痕迹理论提出新的研究视角, 同时拓展在团体和公共领域中的应用性研究。