The figural problem solving and problem finding of professional and semiprofessional artists and nonartists

The processes of finding a solution to a stated problem and those employed in formulating a problem prior to determining a solution strategy are implied by the behaviors observed in the manipulation of figural symbol systems. Sixty adult participants agreed to be videotaped while given two measures of spatial visualization, a figural problem‐solving activity, and two games which required defining a problem prior to producing a result. When groups, defined by their experience in producing ideas in art, were compared, traditional quantitative measures of performance yielded few significant differences. However, multivariate analyses of the observed qualitative variables resulted in significant differences. Theoretical and educational implications are discussed.     

Predicting intolerance: The impact of parents’ own tolerance vs. social class and religious fundamentalism

The impact of parental intolerance, social class, and religious fundamentalism on the level of tolerance of post‐adolescent children is assessed on a sample of 205 mother‐father‐child triads. Social class plays an indirect role, and religious fundamentalism is shown to be the primary mechanism for the intergenerational transmission of intolerance. The concept of intolerance is extended so as to focus on reactions to deviant behavior. There is little evidence of specific sex linkage contrasts.     

A domain-specific validation of the core self-evaluations scale

Core self-evaluations have been recently proposed as indicating positive self-concept and as being predictive of various forms of subjective wellbeing. In an effort to further validate the Core Self-Evaluations Scale (CSES), structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed in three independent samples of university students to examine the extent to which scores on the Core Self-Evaluations Scale predicted two measures of university satisfaction. Good fit was found for models that also controlled for status in college, student major, class satisfaction, life satisfaction, college grade point average, and overall grade fairness. Statistically significant relationships corrected for attenuation by SEM between scores on the Core Self-Evaluations Scale and university satisfaction range from .24 to .37.     

The effect of fear in the periphery in binocular rivalry

The perceived dominance of percepts within a rival pair of images can be influenced by emotional content, with emotional images dominating over neutral images. We investigated this effect in the periphery. Rival gratings and (fearful or neutral) face/house pairs were viewed centrally and with the near edge positioned 1 degrees and 4 degrees from the fixation. Both fearful and neutral faces were perceived as dominant for significantly longer than houses, with fearful faces dominating for significantly longer than neutral faces at all three eccentricities. There was no difference between dominances at 1 degrees and 4 degrees eccentricity, and there was no difference in the dominance of the gratings at any eccentricity. Our findings show that face stimuli, and in particular fearful faces, continue to dominate perception in binocular rivalry even when viewed in the periphery.     

The healing relationship: Edmund Pellegrino’s philosophy of the physician–patient encounter

Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics - In this paper I briefly summarize Pellegrino’s phenomenological analysis of the ethics of the physician–patient relationship. In delineating the...