托马斯·里可纳的品格教育思想--兼谈美国中小学的品格教育

本文分析了里可纳品格教育思想产生的背景、主要内容,在此基础上,对美国中小学品格教育进行了回顾和评价,认为教育不可能是价值中立的,也根本不存在没有价值观念的教育。学校每天都在有意或无意地向学生传授着价值观念,特别是教师的言谈举止每时每刻都在影响着学生的发展。因此,学校要想帮助学生取得成功,就必须向学生传授诸如公平、正直、责任、坚忍、诚实、宽容、合作、尊重他人等核心伦理价值观念,这也是近年来美国教育界和多数公众的共同心声。     

中国传统婚姻与性道德论析

中国传统婚姻与性道德是中国封建时代经济关系、政治制度和思想文化的产物,其中既有封建性的糟粕,亦有中华民族传统美德之精华。“性欲即罪恶”,“父母之命,媒妁之言”,男尊女卑歧视妇女是中国传统婚姻与性道德中的封建性糟粕。主张对婚姻与两性关系的严肃慎重态度;强调对婚姻家庭的责任和义务;要求女性珍视自己的贞操,则是中国传统婚姻与性道德中的道德精华。在改革开放和全球化条件下,继承和发扬中国传统婚姻与性道德中的优秀道德成果具有现实意义。     

The role of reality testing in psychoanalysis: followup of 22 cases

As part of a prospective, longitudinal study of psychoanalytic outcome, 22 patients were evaluated for changes in their level of reality testing. These patients had been accepted for supervised psychoanalysis with candidates in training by senior analysts who had diagnosed them as neurotic. Psychological tests given prior to the beginning of analysis indicated, however, that more than one third of our sample demonstrated serious distortions in their perceptions of reality. When psychological tests administered one year after the completion of analysis were compared with these pretreatment tests, no significant improvement was found in the level of reality testing for the group as a whole. However, when excluding two patients who had suffered major traumas in the year following psychoanalysis, significant improvement in reality testing was found for the remaining 20 patients. Post-treatment interviews with the treating analysts revealed that in the course of analysis itself, approximately one third of these patients showed some disturbance in reality testing; only three of these patients showed significant improvement in the level of their reality testing during treatment. These findings suggest that while patients may not present clinically with evidence of impaired reality testing, such evidence may be available in psychological testing, and may become apparent in the course of the treatment.     

Jewish values and sociopsychological perspectives on aging

The Jewish approach to aging and the aged is constructive. If one no longer works, guilt is inappropriate. Old age may be a sabbath of human life. In our culture, older people are led to low self-esteem less by their age than by occupational and economic status. Hence fundamental social change is needed if there is to be dignity and quality in life for older people. Old age can become, as it should, the high point of the human career.He is a rabbi in the Central Conference of American Rabbis. Among his books isEmpathy.     

Functionplane—A new approach to simple structure rotation

A new criterion for rotation to an oblique simple structure is proposed. The results obtained are similar to that obtained by Cattell and Muerle's maxplane criterion. Since the proposed criterion is smooth it is possible to locate the local maxima using simple gradient techniques. The results of the application of the Functionplane criterion to three sets of data are given. In each case a better fit to the subjective solution was obtained using the functionplane criterion than was reported for by Hakstian for the oblimax, promax, maxplane, or the Harris-Kaiser methods.This paper is contribution No. 66 from the Program in Ecology and Evolution at the State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York. This work was supported in part by a grant (GB-20496) from the National Science Foundation. The computations were performed on an IBM 360/67 computer at the State University of New York at Stony Brook.     

The Bransford-Franks linear effect: Integration or artifact?

It was hypothesized that the Bransford-Franks linear effect is an artifact of the method of presentation of stimulus sentences and is unrelated to semantic processes. Ss were given sentences containing the same information in one of two ways. In a control condition, which was identical to the procedure used in earlier research, overlapping combinations of ideas were presented during learning and recognition; in an experimental condition, ideas were presented one at a time. Results demonstrated that one-idea sentences received significantly higher recognition confidence ratings in the experimental condition, thus supporting the artifact interpretation. It was proposed that Ss assign recognition confidence ratings based on the probability that a sentence containing a certain number of ideas could have occurred in acquisition.