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241.
242.
描述以皮疹、肝脾肿大,且脾脏增大较肝脏明显的儿童过敏性紫癜(混合型)继发心肌炎的临床表现、辅助检查、诊断思路及治疗方法,进一步加深临床医师对过敏性紫癜继发以肝脾肿大为首发临床表现的心肌炎特殊病例的认识,提高对过敏性紫癜继发症的警惕性,利于早发现、早治疗及改善预后。对过敏性紫癜继发心肌炎特殊病例,常规辅助检查不能明确诊断者,可行锝99m心脏静息灌注显像检查,进一步明确诊断及了解心肌损伤部位和程度。 相似文献
243.
Positive Automatic Cognitions Mediate the Relationship Between Personality and Trait Positive Affect
Owen Richard Lightsey Jr. George Gharibian Gharghani Aron Matthew Katz Valerie Ann McKinney Eli Benjamin Rarey 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2013,14(1):115-134
Positive affect (PA) has emerged as a key well-being facet and a powerful predictor of physical and psychological well-being. One of the strongest predictors of PA is personality, particularly neuroticism and extraversion. However, the mechanisms via which personality affects PA are not well-understood. Consistent with theories that accord cognitive factors a role in mediating the relationship between personality and outcomes, we tested whether positive automatic thoughts (PATs) mediated the relationship between neuroticism, extraversion, and PA among 199 college students (137 women, 70% White, 66% first and second year students, mean age = 24.13, SD = 8.86). Consistent with hypotheses, structural equation modeling indicated that PATs fully mediated the relationship between both neuroticism and extraversion and PA. The structural model fit the data well, χ2/df = 2.33, CFI = .96, SRMR = .07, RMSEA = .08 (90% CI: .06, .10), AIC = 172.45, and accounted for 58% of the variance in PA. An alternative model in which personality predicted PA, which in turn predicted PATs, did not provide as good a fit to the data, χ2/df = 3.03, CFI = .94, SRMR = .09, RMSEA = .10 (90% CI: .08, .12), AIC = 207.40. Models in which negative automatic thoughts (NATs) were construed as fully [χ2/df = 4.46, CFI = .95, SRMR = .08, RMSEA = .13 (90% CI: .11, .16)] or partially [χ2/df = 4.04, CFI = .96, SRMR = .06, RMSEA = .12 (90% CI: .10, .15)] mediating the relationship between neuroticism and negative affect did not provide a good fit to the data. A final model in which negative affect was tested a mediator of the relationship between neuroticism and NATs also did not fit the data well, χ2/df = 4.03, CFI = .96, SRMR = .07, RMSEA = .12 (90% CI: .10, .15). 相似文献
244.
Kenneth J. Leising L. Caitlin Elmore Jacquelyne J. Rivera John F. Magnotti Jeffrey S. Katz Anthony A. Wright 《Animal cognition》2013,16(5):839-844
Change detection is commonly used to assess capacity (number of objects) of human visual short-term memory (VSTM). Comparisons with the performance of non-human animals completing similar tasks have shown similarities and differences in object-based VSTM, which is only one aspect (“what”) of memory. Another important aspect of memory, which has received less attention, is spatial short-term memory for “where” an object is in space. In this article, we show for the first time that a monkey and pigeons can be accurately trained to identify location changes, much as humans do, in change detection tasks similar to those used to test object capacity of VSTM. The subject’s task was to identify (touch/peck) an item that changed location across a brief delay. Both the monkey and pigeons showed transfer to delays longer than the training delay, to greater and smaller distance changes than in training, and to novel colors. These results are the first to demonstrate location-change detection in any non-human species and encourage comparative investigations into the nature of spatial and visual short-term memory. 相似文献
245.
Miranda L. Campbell Stephanie M. Gorka Sarah K. McGowan Brady D. Nelson Casey Sarapas Andrea C. Katz 《Cognition & emotion》2013,27(1):46-58
Individuals with anxiety disorders have previously demonstrated abnormal habituation to aversiveness over time. As anxiety sensitivity (AS), or an individuals' propensity to fear of anxiety-related sensations, has been shown to be a risk factor for anxiety disorders (particularly panic disorder), the present study examined whether AS was also associated with abnormal habituation. This association was examined in two independent samples of undergraduates (Ntotal=178). Habituation was operationalised as the reduction in startle response to multiple startle probes presented over 2.5 minutes and three definitions of this reduction were employed. Results indicated that individuals with higher levels of AS evidenced deficits in startle habituation, but the strength of this relationship was somewhat dependent on the definition of startle habituation, with the most robust definition being an analysis of participants' individual slopes across all nine blinks. The present findings suggest that startle habituation is a key mechanism underlying AS, and may help elucidate the role this risk factor plays in the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders. 相似文献
246.
Lori S. Katz Geta Cojucar Cory Davenport Satish Clarke John C. Williams 《Military psychology》2013,25(1):48-70
We examined the structural and psychometric properties of the War Experiences Inventory (WEI) with data from 255 post deployed service members (224 men and 31 women). Results from principal components analyses yielded a five-factor solution assessing sexual trauma, combat exposure, interpersonal distress, circumstances of deployment, and personal injury. Psychometric analyses revealed scale scores were internally consistent; validity evidence showed WEI subscales were significantly correlated with measures of readjustment, PTSD, psychological distress, and alcohol abuse. Findings provide preliminary evidence of structural and psychometric properties of the WEI and its utility in assessing war-related experiences in operations in Afghanistan and Iraq. 相似文献
247.
Jonathan G. Katz 《Religion》2013,43(1):7-24
This study presents a sampling of dreams as recounted in ‘Abd al-Wahhâb al-Sha‘rânâ's autobiography, Latâ’if al-minan. Examining the methodology employed by the 16th-century Cairene sheikh in interpreting his own dreams, the study places al-Sha‘rânâ within the context of sufi and medieval Islamic traditions of dream interpretation. The examples given by al-Sha‘rânân? demonstrate that he valued dreams not for their alleged ability to portend the future but for their psychological merit as monitors of his spiritual condition. 相似文献
248.
介绍中医药和循证医学的共同哲学基础:强调整体观、重视证据;中西医学的哲学立论差异和中医药学的循证困境;阐述了中医药"证"据的哲学原理;并以W.V.Quine的信仰之网理论为基础,提出了发展中医药循证医学的哲学思考:弥合个体化和群体化,主观性和客观性. 相似文献
249.
250.
Jenna J. Albiani Stacey L. Hart Laura Katz Julia Berian Amanda Del Rosario Janet Lee Madhulika Varma 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2013,20(1):123-132
Constipation negatively affects quality of life (QOL), however, the specific mechanisms through which this relationship occurs are unclear. The present study examined anxiety and depression as potential mediators of the relationship between constipation severity and QOL in a sample of 142 constipated patients. Results indicated that depression symptom severity mediated the relationship between constipation severity and mental health-related QOL. For patients meeting diagnostic criteria for Major Depressive Disorder, indirect effects were observed in the relationship between constipation severity and both physical and mental health-related QOL. Anxiety did not contribute to this model. Treating depression may be useful in improving QOL in severely constipated patients, which highlights the importance of psychological screening and treatment referrals in primary care settings. 相似文献