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71.
72.
Drew LM Berg C King P Verdant C Griffith K Butler J Wiebe DJ 《Journal of family psychology》2011,25(5):751-758
For adolescents with Type 1 diabetes, lower family income may be associated with poorer diabetes management through depleted parental psychological resources (i.e., higher parental depressive symptoms, lower parental acceptance). Adolescents (N = 252; 46% male) aged 10-14 years with Type 1 diabetes assessed the acceptance of their mother and father (e.g., "gives me the feeling that she likes me as I am"; "she doesn't feel she has to make me over into someone else"). Mothers provided information on family income and demographics. Both mothers and fathers reported their depressive symptoms. HbA1c scores were indexed via medical records. Lower family income was associated with higher (i.e., worse) HbA1c, more mother and father depressive symptoms, and less acceptance from both parents. Mediation analyses revealed that the relationship of lower family income with metabolic control occurred indirectly through lower maternal and paternal acceptance and lower adherence. Lower family income may impair the quality of parent--adolescent relationships that are beneficial for good diabetes management. 相似文献
73.
Katharine Scrantom Katrina McLaughlin 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》2019,29(4):297-310
The current study investigates the psychosocial benefits of a cross‐community, intercultural dance programme for youth in Northern Ireland. Psychological theories, including contact theory and the ecology of childhood development, underpin the study, and results are discussed in relation to the programme's aims. The present study used qualitative, inductive methods; data consisted of interviews before and after the programme with facilitators (n = 2) and 10 (n = 10) programme participants (11–15 years old) of diverse races and nationalities. Latent themes were identified using thematic analysis. Findings reveal that participants have complex senses of identity. Worryingly, they also reported many instances of bullying, relating both to themselves and others. Results reveal three main psychosocial benefits of the programme, all of which promote positive mental health in adolescents. The benefits are increased self‐confidence, the formation of new cross‐community friendships, and improved intercultural awareness and pride. It is argued that the programme is an exemplar of how the arts can promote peace as well as resilience in the face of adversity. Recommendations for future research are included. 相似文献
74.
Anchoring effects influence a wide range of numeric judgments, including valuation judgments, such as willingness‐to‐pay (WTP). However, prior research has not established whether anchoring only temporarily distorts responses or exerts persistent influence on preferences. This article presents three incentive compatible experiments examining the long‐term effects of random anchoring on WTP. Study 1 evaluated the persistence of anchoring effects over long durations, and showed that the strength of the effect decayed but did not disappear completely even 8 weeks later. In Study 2, a random anchor significantly influenced WTP after one week, regardless of whether WTP was also elicited immediately following the anchoring procedure, showing that consistency motivations do not account for persistence of anchoring effects. Study 3 showed relatively low anchors resulted in more stable valuations, compared with participants who reported WTP with no anchoring procedure. Together with the pattern of decay over time in Study 1, this suggests that anchoring facilitates the “imprinting” of valuation judgments for later retrieval. These studies show that anchoring effects can lead to lasting changes in valuation judgments, providing the first demonstration of long‐term persistence of constructed preferences as a result of an uninformative and arbitrary manipulation. 相似文献
75.
We examined the joint role of parental word reading skills and conventional home literacy environment measures among 320 Filipino low‐ to middle‐income families in Cebu City, Philippines with children aged 5–8 years old. A ranking of parent‐reported ratings of their frequency of engaging in home literacy activities and adult literacy practices revealed that book‐related behaviors were less frequently practiced relative to other behaviors, and mean ratings on the home literacy resources scale suggested a relatively print‐poor environment. Nevertheless, scale items about book reading and direct literacy instruction at home correlated with child's language and literacy skills. Structural equation modeling showed that parent's education and frequency of engaging in home literacy activities uniquely accounted for variance in child's oral language and print knowledge skills. In a second model, parent's word reading skills were significantly related to child's skills, but did not eliminate or attenuate influences from parent's education and home literacy activities. Results are important in relation to theories on the intergenerational transmission of literacy skills and the generalizability of findings from developed countries to developing country contexts. 相似文献
76.
Katrina Hutchison 《希帕蒂亚:女权主义哲学杂志》2019,34(3):570-591
In this article, I describe how gender bias can affect the design, testing, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and clinical use of implantable devices. I argue that bad outcomes experienced by women patients are a cumulative consequence of small biases and inattention at various points of the design, testing, and regulatory process. However, specific instances of inattention and bias can be difficult to identify, and risks are difficult to predict. This means that even if systematic gender bias in implant design is an ethical issue, it is one with no clearly blameworthy player. From a practical perspective, there is no single obvious point at which to intervene. Philosophers working in other areas have explored structurally similar moral problems—sometimes referred to as “moral aggregation problems”—such as the type of environmental harm caused by small actions of many players. I describe key features of these type of problems and strategies to address them. I then draw on these to suggest an approach to gender bias in medical implant design and use. 相似文献
77.
Eun-Jeong Lee Ming-Yi Wu Gloria K. Lee Gladys Cheing Fong Chan 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2008,15(3):182-192
The purpose of this study was to examine the role of catastrophizing as a mediator and moderator between life stress and depression
in a sample of workers’ compensation patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Pain intensity, life stress (especially work
and financial stress), and catastrophizing contributed significantly to depression. Catastrophizing was found to be partially
mediating the relationship between life stress and depression and a moderator between social stress and depression. The results
supported the role of catastrophizing as a cognitive vulnerability-stress factor related to depression in chronic pain patients.
Screening for life stress and intervening early to prevent catastrophizing from occurring in the workers’ compensation rehabilitation
process may reduce psychosocial distress and enhance the overall effectiveness of rehabilitation programming for workers’
compensation patients with chronic pain. 相似文献
78.
Michael D. Mumford Katrina E. Bedell‐Avers Samuel T. Hunter Jazmine Espejo Dawn Eubanks Mary Shane Connelly 《Journal of applied social psychology》2008,38(6):1521-1561
Multiple models have been proposed to account for violence among ideological groups. To identify critical variables contributing to violent behavior in these groups, violent ideological groups were compared to relevant comparison groups. A historically based content analysis was conducted to assess these groups with respect to a number of variables examining leader, group, organizational, and environmental attributes held to influence violence. Discriminant analyses revealed that violent ideological groups differed from comparison groups with respect to leader extremism, group righteousness, organizational indoctrination, and environmental conflict and disruption. Regression analyses revealed that these discriminant functions predicted a number of notable violent and ideological criteria. The implications of these findings for understanding the origins of violence in ideological groups are discussed. 相似文献
79.
Mark Shevlin Gary Adamson Katrina Collins 《Personality and individual differences》2003,35(8):1993-2005
The longitudinal psychometric properties of SPPC were assessed using a sample of 157 schoolchildren across four time periods using structural equation modeling. The theoretically derived multidimensional structure of SPPC (Harter, 1985) and its associated reliabilities were found to be fairly consistent overtime. The stability of the factor structure, however, did vary across repeated administrations: the stability of the second-order self-perception factor was relatively low (0.629) between first and second administrations, increasing between times two and three (0.812), while reaching the highest point (0.941) across times three and four. This result could be attributable to either a growing familiarization with scale items, the response format, or natural respondent maturation. While the reason underlying temporal instability is uncertain, the results do suggest that caution should be exercised when interpreting SPPC scores particularly in intervention designs with comparatively long intervening periods. 相似文献
80.
Candy P. S. Fong Robert S. Wyer Jr. 《Organizational behavior and human decision processes》2003,90(2):304-322
Two experiments examined the factors that influence Chinese and United States college students’ decisions in both a simulated investment situation and an academic situation. Participants in each experiment were confronted with a choice between (a) an alternative that could have either a very positive outcome or a very negative one and (b) an alternative that was relatively safe. The decision that others had typically made in the situation was also indicated. Participants’ decisions in both experiments were mediated by the emotional reactions they experienced in response to alternative decision outcomes. Others’ decisions had a direct impact on decisions in the investment situation, but their impact in the academic situation was mediated by their influence on participants’ anticipated emotional reactions. Cultural differences in the impact of anticipated feelings and others’ decisions were not evident in the investment situation. However, they were apparent in the academic situation, which was more similar to ones that participants were likely to encounter in daily life. 相似文献