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71.
McLaughlin KA Hatzenbuehler ML Mennin DS Nolen-Hoeksema S 《Behaviour research and therapy》2011,(9):544-554
Background
Emotion regulation deficits have been consistently linked to psychopathology in cross-sectional studies. However, the direction of the relationship between emotion regulation and psychopathology is unclear. This study examined the longitudinal and reciprocal relationships between emotion regulation deficits and psychopathology in adolescents.Methods
Emotion dysregulation and symptomatology (depression, anxiety, aggressive behavior, and eating pathology) were assessed in a large, diverse sample of adolescents (N = 1065) at two time points separated by seven months. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the longitudinal and reciprocal relationships between emotion dysregulation and symptoms of psychopathology.Results
The three distinct emotion processes examined here (emotional understanding, dysregulated expression of sadness and anger, and ruminative responses to distress) formed a unitary latent emotion dysregulation factor. Emotion dysregulation predicted increases in anxiety symptoms, aggressive behavior, and eating pathology after controlling for baseline symptoms but did not predict depressive symptoms. In contrast, none of the four types of psychopathology predicted increases in emotion dysregulation after controlling for baseline emotion dysregulation.Conclusions
Emotion dysregulation appears to be an important transdiagnostic factor that increases risk for a wide range of psychopathology outcomes in adolescence. These results suggest targets for preventive interventions during this developmental period of risk. 相似文献72.
Stacy L. Bliss Christopher H. Skinner Elizabeth McCallum Lee B. Saecker Emily Rowland-Bryant Katie S. Brown 《Journal of Behavioral Education》2010,19(2):156-168
An adapted alternating treatments design was used to compare the effectiveness of a taped-problems (TP) intervention with
TP and an additional immediate assessment (TP + AIA) on the multiplication fluency of six fifth-grade students. During TP,
the students listened to a tape playing a series of multiplication problems and answers three times. Students were instructed
to try to beat the tape by writing each answer before they heard it on the tape. The interval between each problem and answer
was varied as the problems were repeated. For the TP + AIA condition, immediately after completing TP, students completed
an extra assessment sheet consisting of the same problems heard on the tape. Results showed increases in math-fact fluency
across both treatment sets of problems (TP and TP + AIA) and a control set of problems. However, results varied across students
and only two of the students showed meaningful gains when the TP was supplemented with the AIA. Implications and directions
for future research are discussed. 相似文献
73.
Devine KA Reed-Knight B Loiselle KA Fenton N Blount RL 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2010,17(4):340-348
Sixty young adult survivors of a serious childhood illness completed quantitative and qualitative measures assessing the relationship
between specific disease and distress factors and posttraumatic growth (PTG). Individuals who had recovered from their illness
reported greater growth than those who were currently experiencing their illness. The regression model accounted for 47% of
the variance in PTG, with perceived severity, illness status, and posttraumatic stress symptoms emerging as significant predictors.
Qualitative analyses identified salient positive and negative factors associated with having had an illness, such as a positive
shift in perspective and frequent medical requirements. Being past the daily demands of illness management may allow for greater
PTG. Realization of positive aspects of having had an illness may require prompting. 相似文献
74.
75.
Nonnormality and divergence in posttreatment alcohol use: reexamining the Project MATCH data "another way." 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Witkiewitz K van der Maas HL Hufford MR Marlatt GA 《Journal of abnormal psychology》2007,116(2):378-394
Alcohol lapses are the modal outcome following treatment for alcohol use disorders, yet many alcohol researchers have encountered limited success in the prediction and prevention of relapse. One hypothesis is that lapses are unpredictable, but another possibility is the complexity of the relapse process is not captured by traditional statistical methods. Data from Project Matching Alcohol Treatments to Client Heterogeneity (Project MATCH), a multisite alcohol treatment study, were reanalyzed with 2 statistical methodologies: catastrophe and 2-part growth mixture modeling. Drawing on previous investigations of self-efficacy as a dynamic predictor of relapse, the current study revisits the self-efficacy matching hypothesis, which was not statistically supported in Project MATCH. Results from both the catastrophe and growth mixture analyses demonstrated a dynamic relationship between self-efficacy and drinking outcomes. The growth mixture analyses provided evidence in support of the original matching hypothesis: Individuals with lower self-efficacy who received cognitive behavior therapy drank far less frequently than did those with low self-efficacy who received motivational therapy. These results highlight the dynamical nature of the relapse process and the importance of the use of methodologies that accommodate this complexity when evaluating treatment outcomes. 相似文献
76.
Meier BP Hauser DJ Robinson MD Friesen CK Schjeldahl K 《Journal of personality and social psychology》2007,93(5):699-710
"God" and "Devil" are abstract concepts often linked to vertical metaphors (e.g., "glory to God in the highest," "the Devil lives down in hell"). It is unknown, however, whether these metaphors simply aid communication or implicate a deeper mode of concept representation. In 6 experiments, the authors examined the extent to which the vertical dimension is used in noncommunication contexts involving God and the Devil. Experiment 1 established that people have implicit associations between God-Devil and up-down. Experiment 2 revealed that people encode God-related concepts faster if presented in a high (vs. low) vertical position. Experiment 3 found that people's memory for the vertical location of God- and Devil-like images showed a metaphor-consistent bias (up for God; down for Devil). Experiments 4, 5a, and 5b revealed that people rated strangers as more likely to believe in God when their images appeared in a high versus low vertical position, and this effect was independent of inferences related to power and likability. These robust results reveal that vertical perceptions are invoked when people access divinity-related cognitions. 相似文献
77.
Goal-setting and mental effort investment may be influenced by the perception of success or failure. The aim of the current
study was to investigate the dynamics of motivational intensity model using false performance feedback. Forty participants
performed a demanding cognitive task over five successive (5 min) blocks. Participants received performance feedback of either
progressive success or progressive failure. A number of psychophysiological variables were used to index mental effort investment
and emotion, including: HRV components, blood pressure, skin conductance level, EEG, and facial EMG. Subjective estimates
of mood, workload and motivation were also collected alongside performance measures. The success group experienced positive
affect and a less pronounced decline in subjective motivation in response to a perception of successful achievement. In contrast,
feedback of failure led to adverse changes in mood/motivation, but did not lead to the absolute withdrawal of effort, although
trends in the psychophysiological data suggest that participants in the failure group were on the verge of abandoning the
task. The implications of these findings are discussed within the context of goal-setting and effort regulation models. 相似文献
78.
The literature on pain and aggression has indicated that pain elicits aggression. However, research has generally examined pain as a situational variable and focused less on the dispositional ability of an individual to tolerate pain. The dearth of research on pain tolerance and aggression appears to contradict the existing theory on the aggression‐eliciting effect of pain, in that studies have found a positive relationship between pain tolerance and aggression. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the relationship between pain tolerance and aggression is moderated by sex and whether the positive relationship could be explained by masculine gender role conformity. A sample of 195 collegiate men and women completed trait measures and a laboratory assessment of pain tolerance. Results indicated that correlations between pain tolerance and trait aggression were significant and positive for men but not women. However, when men's conformity to masculine gender role was controlled for, the relationship between pain tolerance and trait aggression was nil and nonsignificant. Results are discussed in reference to socialization and maintenance of masculine status. Aggr. Behav. 35:422–429, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
79.
80.
Adam Rutland Rupert J. Brown Lindsey Cameron Anni Ahmavaara Katie Arnold Jenni Samson 《European journal of social psychology》2007,37(1):171-190
Two studies were conducted that go beyond previous research by examining when and why children might show intergroup bias in the attribution of positive, but not negative traits (PNAE: the positive–negative asymmetry effect, Mummendey & Otten, 1998, European review of social psychology, Vol. 9). In Study 1 (n = 107) children completed a ‘mixed’ trait attribution task in a dichotomous group context. As predicted there was a developmental trend between 7 and 12 years of age in the PNAE. The 7‐year olds were the only age group not to show the effect. Study 1 also found a quadratic developmental trend in children's national intergroup bias. Study 2 (n = 62) replicated the developmental path of the PNAE found in Study 1 using a wider age range of 6–16 years. This study used a ‘mixed’ list of traits which were not only antonyms and a procedure that made the positive and negative trait dimensions explicitly independent. Significantly, Study 2 found in‐group exclusion norm partially mediated the development of the PNAE. These findings support an account of the positive–negative asymmetry effect based upon normative processes. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献