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61.
As the older adult population continues to grow, the prevalence of chronic diseases is also increasing, leading to the need for novel ways of managing this large population of patients. One solution is to focus on informal caregivers. These informal caregivers already make a substantial contribution to our nation’s healthcare finances and patient health outcomes. Caregivers also derive benefits from caring for their family member or friend; however, it is not uncommon for these individuals to experience negative health consequences, or what is often called “burden of care.” Those called to care are not without their own burdens, and they must frequently make significant lifestyle adjustments that impact their own health. Therefore, for caregivers to be effective, caring for the caregivers must be a focus of medicine in the twenty-first century. 相似文献
62.
63.
Long KA Thomas SB Grubs RE Gettig EA Krishnamurti L 《Journal of genetic counseling》2011,20(6):572-592
Research among African-Americans indicates this population perceives sickle cell (SCD) to be a serious disease and sickle
cell trait (SCT) screening an important intervention. However, studies have consistently demonstrated a lower than desired
uptake of SCD education, inadequate knowledge regarding personal and family trait status, and a low perceived susceptibility
of giving birth to a child with the disease. We examined general attitudes and beliefs regarding genetics and genetic testing
including prenatal testing and newborn screening; we used this information as the foundation to more specifically assess attitudes
and beliefs regarding SCD and perceived barriers to SCD education and awareness. Thirty-five African-American adult men and
women participated in one of four focus groups. Thematic analysis identified that both prenatal testing and newborn screening
are acceptable forms of genetic testing. Based largely on their personal experiences, participants possessed an understanding
of the natural progression of SCD but had a limited understanding of the inheritance and probable risk of giving birth to
a child with the disease. Barriers to education and greater awareness of SCD were classified as personal, familial, and societal.
Community based interventions focused on sharing the stories of individuals with first-hand experiences with SCD should be
considered. 相似文献
64.
Ackroyd K Fortune DG Price S Howell S Sharrack B Isaac CL 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2011,18(4):372-379
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and their partners show adversarial
growth and to examine which psychological and disability variables contribute to this in patients and their partners. The
study also investigated the relationship between growth and distress. Seventy-two patients with MS and their partners provided
demographic information and completed measures of posttraumatic growth, illness perceptions, depression, cognitive function
and disability. Both patients and partners showed adversarial growth, with patients reporting significantly higher growth
than partners. The only significant predictor for patient growth was partner growth, and vice versa. Dissimilarity in illness
representations between patients and their partners on the consequences of MS dimension, patient mood and patient growth accounted
for significant variance in partner growth. The findings support the idea of a ‘communal search for meaning’ where patients
and their partners experience the trauma of having a chronic illness and subsequently find positive aspects together. 相似文献
65.
Simon P.Liversedge Katie L.Meadmore David Corck-Adelman Shui-I Shih Alexander Pollatsek 《心理与行为研究》2011,9(1):8-15
In this paper we briefly describe preliminary data from two experiments that we have carried out to investigate the relationship between visual encoding and memory for objects and their locations within scenes. In these experiments, we recorded participants′ eye movements as they viewed a photograph of a cubicle with 12 objects positioned pseudo-randomly on a desk and shelves. After viewing the photograph, participants were taken to the actual cubicle where they undertook two memory tests. Participants were asked to identify the 12 target objects(from the photograph)presented amongst 12 distractors. They were then required to place each of the objects in the location that they occupied in the photograph. These tests assessed participants′ memory for identity of the objects and their locations. In Experiment 1, we assessed the influence of the encoding period and the test delay on object identity and location memory. In Experiment 2 we manipulated scanning behaviour during encoding by "boxing"some of the objects in the photo. We showed that using boxes to change eye movement behaviour during encoding directly affected the nature of memory for the scene. The results of these studies indicate a fundamental relationship between visual encoding and memory for objects and their locations. We explain our findings in terms of the Visual Memory Model(Hollingworth & Henderson, 2002). 相似文献
66.
McLaughlin KA Hatzenbuehler ML Mennin DS Nolen-Hoeksema S 《Behaviour research and therapy》2011,(9):544-554
Background
Emotion regulation deficits have been consistently linked to psychopathology in cross-sectional studies. However, the direction of the relationship between emotion regulation and psychopathology is unclear. This study examined the longitudinal and reciprocal relationships between emotion regulation deficits and psychopathology in adolescents.Methods
Emotion dysregulation and symptomatology (depression, anxiety, aggressive behavior, and eating pathology) were assessed in a large, diverse sample of adolescents (N = 1065) at two time points separated by seven months. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the longitudinal and reciprocal relationships between emotion dysregulation and symptoms of psychopathology.Results
The three distinct emotion processes examined here (emotional understanding, dysregulated expression of sadness and anger, and ruminative responses to distress) formed a unitary latent emotion dysregulation factor. Emotion dysregulation predicted increases in anxiety symptoms, aggressive behavior, and eating pathology after controlling for baseline symptoms but did not predict depressive symptoms. In contrast, none of the four types of psychopathology predicted increases in emotion dysregulation after controlling for baseline emotion dysregulation.Conclusions
Emotion dysregulation appears to be an important transdiagnostic factor that increases risk for a wide range of psychopathology outcomes in adolescence. These results suggest targets for preventive interventions during this developmental period of risk. 相似文献67.
Stacy L. Bliss Christopher H. Skinner Elizabeth McCallum Lee B. Saecker Emily Rowland-Bryant Katie S. Brown 《Journal of Behavioral Education》2010,19(2):156-168
An adapted alternating treatments design was used to compare the effectiveness of a taped-problems (TP) intervention with
TP and an additional immediate assessment (TP + AIA) on the multiplication fluency of six fifth-grade students. During TP,
the students listened to a tape playing a series of multiplication problems and answers three times. Students were instructed
to try to beat the tape by writing each answer before they heard it on the tape. The interval between each problem and answer
was varied as the problems were repeated. For the TP + AIA condition, immediately after completing TP, students completed
an extra assessment sheet consisting of the same problems heard on the tape. Results showed increases in math-fact fluency
across both treatment sets of problems (TP and TP + AIA) and a control set of problems. However, results varied across students
and only two of the students showed meaningful gains when the TP was supplemented with the AIA. Implications and directions
for future research are discussed. 相似文献
68.
Devine KA Reed-Knight B Loiselle KA Fenton N Blount RL 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2010,17(4):340-348
Sixty young adult survivors of a serious childhood illness completed quantitative and qualitative measures assessing the relationship
between specific disease and distress factors and posttraumatic growth (PTG). Individuals who had recovered from their illness
reported greater growth than those who were currently experiencing their illness. The regression model accounted for 47% of
the variance in PTG, with perceived severity, illness status, and posttraumatic stress symptoms emerging as significant predictors.
Qualitative analyses identified salient positive and negative factors associated with having had an illness, such as a positive
shift in perspective and frequent medical requirements. Being past the daily demands of illness management may allow for greater
PTG. Realization of positive aspects of having had an illness may require prompting. 相似文献
69.
70.
The children's gambling task (CGT [Kerr, A., & Zelazo, P. D. (2004). Development of “Hot” executive function: The children's gambling task. Brain and Cognition, 55, 148–157]) involves integrating information about losses and gains to maximize winnings when selecting cards from two decks. Both cognitive complexity and control (CCC) theory and relational complexity (RC) theory attribute younger children's difficulty to task complexity. In CCC theory, identification of the advantageous deck requires formulation of a higher-order rule so that gains and losses can be considered in contradistinction. According to RC theory, it entails processing the ternary relation linking three variables (deck, magnitude of gain, magnitude of loss). We designed two less complex binary-relational versions in which either loss or gain varied across decks, with the other held constant. The three closely matched versions were administered to 3–5-year-olds. Consistent with complexity explanations, children in all age groups selected cards from the advantageous deck in the binary-relational versions, but only 5-year-olds did so on the ternary-relational CGT. 相似文献