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International Journal for Philosophy of Religion - In this paper I develop a theory of personhood which leaves open the possibility of construing the universe as a person. If successful, it removes... 相似文献
104.
Lisa R. Miller-Matero Katie Chipungu Sarah Martinez Anne Eshelman David Eisenstein 《Psychology, health & medicine》2017,22(1):19-27
Patients with chronic pain are often undertreated with medications alone and need alternative ways of coping. Identifying pain coping skills patients use may be beneficial; however, no research has investigated whether patients are aware of their coping skills. The purpose of this study was to determine whether patients are aware of their pain coping skills, whether certain patient characteristics were related to using coping strategies, and whether coping strategies were related to psychiatric symptoms. Chart reviews were conducted on seventy-eight chronic pain patients who completed a semi-structured psychological interview. Patients endorsed using more coping strategies on the measure compared to the verbal self-report. Identifying with certain patient demographics was related to higher use of some coping strategies. Symptoms of anxiety and depression were also related to the use of some coping strategies. Anxiety was negatively related to ignoring the pain and using self-talk coping statements and positively related to catastrophizing. Depression was negatively related to the use of distraction, ignoring the pain, and using self-talk coping statements. Depression and pain severity were both positively related to catastrophizing and prayer. Results suggest that clinicians may need to help patients become aware of adaptive coping strategies they already use and that the use of certain coping strategies is related to lower levels of depression and anxiety. 相似文献
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When disaster disrupts healthcare and other systems, the ethical allocation of resources should follow principles of justice, defined as fairness, established for normal clinical practice. Standards of clinical practice may be altered during disaster, but ethical standards must remain centered on prioritizing the treatment of patients according to need and the effectiveness of treatment. Should resources become extremely limited, it is fair to restrict their use to patients who have the highest needs, provided that the intervention is effective. When resources become more available, patients with lower priority can be increasingly accommodated. 相似文献
107.
Long KA Thomas SB Grubs RE Gettig EA Krishnamurti L 《Journal of genetic counseling》2011,20(6):572-592
Research among African-Americans indicates this population perceives sickle cell (SCD) to be a serious disease and sickle
cell trait (SCT) screening an important intervention. However, studies have consistently demonstrated a lower than desired
uptake of SCD education, inadequate knowledge regarding personal and family trait status, and a low perceived susceptibility
of giving birth to a child with the disease. We examined general attitudes and beliefs regarding genetics and genetic testing
including prenatal testing and newborn screening; we used this information as the foundation to more specifically assess attitudes
and beliefs regarding SCD and perceived barriers to SCD education and awareness. Thirty-five African-American adult men and
women participated in one of four focus groups. Thematic analysis identified that both prenatal testing and newborn screening
are acceptable forms of genetic testing. Based largely on their personal experiences, participants possessed an understanding
of the natural progression of SCD but had a limited understanding of the inheritance and probable risk of giving birth to
a child with the disease. Barriers to education and greater awareness of SCD were classified as personal, familial, and societal.
Community based interventions focused on sharing the stories of individuals with first-hand experiences with SCD should be
considered. 相似文献
108.
Martin D. Coleman 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2011,30(4):345-354
The influence of specific emotions (guilt and revulsion) on the self-serving bias was investigated. Participants were recruited
from an undergraduate population. There were 360 participants (132 male) with a mean age of 19.41 years. Participants took
part in an online study, which involved taking a ten-question test, completing an emotional induction, receiving test feedback,
and making an attribution for test performance. Results revealed a significant effect of feedback (p < 0.001) indicating the self-serving bias. Results also revealed a significant effect of emotion over this self-serving bias.
Both guilty and revolted participants made less self-enhancing attributions for success (p = 0.04), and less self-protecting attributions for failure (p = 0.006). The hypothesis that the valence of specific emotions influences the self-serving bias was supported. No support
was found for the hypothesis that the appraisal dimensions of specific emotions influence the self-serving bias. Theoretical
and practical implications are discussed. 相似文献
109.
Ackroyd K Fortune DG Price S Howell S Sharrack B Isaac CL 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2011,18(4):372-379
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and their partners show adversarial
growth and to examine which psychological and disability variables contribute to this in patients and their partners. The
study also investigated the relationship between growth and distress. Seventy-two patients with MS and their partners provided
demographic information and completed measures of posttraumatic growth, illness perceptions, depression, cognitive function
and disability. Both patients and partners showed adversarial growth, with patients reporting significantly higher growth
than partners. The only significant predictor for patient growth was partner growth, and vice versa. Dissimilarity in illness
representations between patients and their partners on the consequences of MS dimension, patient mood and patient growth accounted
for significant variance in partner growth. The findings support the idea of a ‘communal search for meaning’ where patients
and their partners experience the trauma of having a chronic illness and subsequently find positive aspects together. 相似文献
110.
Simon P.Liversedge Katie L.Meadmore David Corck-Adelman Shui-I Shih Alexander Pollatsek 《心理与行为研究》2011,9(1):8-15
In this paper we briefly describe preliminary data from two experiments that we have carried out to investigate the relationship between visual encoding and memory for objects and their locations within scenes. In these experiments, we recorded participants′ eye movements as they viewed a photograph of a cubicle with 12 objects positioned pseudo-randomly on a desk and shelves. After viewing the photograph, participants were taken to the actual cubicle where they undertook two memory tests. Participants were asked to identify the 12 target objects(from the photograph)presented amongst 12 distractors. They were then required to place each of the objects in the location that they occupied in the photograph. These tests assessed participants′ memory for identity of the objects and their locations. In Experiment 1, we assessed the influence of the encoding period and the test delay on object identity and location memory. In Experiment 2 we manipulated scanning behaviour during encoding by "boxing"some of the objects in the photo. We showed that using boxes to change eye movement behaviour during encoding directly affected the nature of memory for the scene. The results of these studies indicate a fundamental relationship between visual encoding and memory for objects and their locations. We explain our findings in terms of the Visual Memory Model(Hollingworth & Henderson, 2002). 相似文献