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61.
In four experiments employing between-list designs, generation was found to have negative effects on free recall of word pairs and on cued recall of the second word. In addition, generation had negative effects on measures of word-pair integration and on clustering in recall. In contrast, positive effects of generation were found on free recall of second words alone, and on a recognition test for memory of the second word. It was concluded that in between-list designs, generation led to greater individual-item processing of the generated term than reading, but this processing occurred at the expense of processing the relation between the words in a pair and processing the relations between different pairs in a list. 相似文献
62.
College Campus Community Readiness to Address Intimate Partner Violence Among LGBTQ+ Young Adults: A Conceptual and Empirical Examination 下载免费PDF全文
Katie M. Edwards Heather L. Littleton Kateryna M. Sylaska Annie L. Crossman Meghan Craig 《American journal of community psychology》2016,58(1-2):16-26
This paper provides an overview of a conceptual model that integrates theories of social ecology, minority stress, and community readiness to better understand risk for and outcomes of intimate partner violence (IPV) among LGBTQ+ college students. Additionally, online survey data was collected from a sample of 202 LGBTQ+ students enrolled in 119 colleges across the United States to provide preliminary data on some aspects of the proposed model. Results suggested that students generally thought their campuses were low in readiness to address IPV; that is, students felt that their campuses could do more to address IPV and provide IPV services specific to LGBTQ+ college students. Perceptions of greater campus readiness to address IPV among LGBTQ+ college students was significantly and positively related to a more favorable LGBTQ+ campus climate and a greater sense of campus community. Additionally, IPV victims were more likely to perceive higher levels of campus community readiness than non‐IPV victims. There was no association between IPV perpetration and perceptions of campus community readiness. Greater sense of community was marginally and inversely related to IPV victimization and perpetration. Sense of community and LGBTQ+ campus climate also varied to some extent as a function of region of the country and type of institution. Implications for further development and refinement of the conceptual model, as well as future research applying this model to better understand IPV among sexual minority students are discussed. 相似文献
63.
As the older adult population continues to grow, the prevalence of chronic diseases is also increasing, leading to the need for novel ways of managing this large population of patients. One solution is to focus on informal caregivers. These informal caregivers already make a substantial contribution to our nation’s healthcare finances and patient health outcomes. Caregivers also derive benefits from caring for their family member or friend; however, it is not uncommon for these individuals to experience negative health consequences, or what is often called “burden of care.” Those called to care are not without their own burdens, and they must frequently make significant lifestyle adjustments that impact their own health. Therefore, for caregivers to be effective, caring for the caregivers must be a focus of medicine in the twenty-first century. 相似文献
64.
Lisa R. Miller-Matero Katie Chipungu Sarah Martinez Anne Eshelman David Eisenstein 《Psychology, health & medicine》2017,22(1):19-27
Patients with chronic pain are often undertreated with medications alone and need alternative ways of coping. Identifying pain coping skills patients use may be beneficial; however, no research has investigated whether patients are aware of their coping skills. The purpose of this study was to determine whether patients are aware of their pain coping skills, whether certain patient characteristics were related to using coping strategies, and whether coping strategies were related to psychiatric symptoms. Chart reviews were conducted on seventy-eight chronic pain patients who completed a semi-structured psychological interview. Patients endorsed using more coping strategies on the measure compared to the verbal self-report. Identifying with certain patient demographics was related to higher use of some coping strategies. Symptoms of anxiety and depression were also related to the use of some coping strategies. Anxiety was negatively related to ignoring the pain and using self-talk coping statements and positively related to catastrophizing. Depression was negatively related to the use of distraction, ignoring the pain, and using self-talk coping statements. Depression and pain severity were both positively related to catastrophizing and prayer. Results suggest that clinicians may need to help patients become aware of adaptive coping strategies they already use and that the use of certain coping strategies is related to lower levels of depression and anxiety. 相似文献
65.
Studying the Motivated Agent Through Time: Personal Goal Development During the Adult Life Span 下载免费PDF全文
This research examined the rank‐order and mean‐level consistency of personal goals at two periods in the adult life span. Personal goal continuity was considered among a group of young adults (N = 145) who reported their goals three times over a 3‐year period and among a group of midlife adults (N = 163) who specified their goals annually over a 4‐year period. Goals were coded for a series of motive‐based (viz., achievement, affiliation, intimacy, power) and domain‐based (viz., finance, generativity, health, travel) categories. In both samples, we noted a moderate degree of rank‐order consistency across assessment periods. In addition, the majority of goal categories exhibited a high degree of mean‐level consistency. The results of this research suggest that (a) the content of goals exhibits a modest degree of rank‐order consistency and a substantial degree of mean‐level consistency over time, and (b) considering personality continuity and development as manifest via goals represents a viable strategy for personality psychologists. 相似文献
66.
67.
Long KA Thomas SB Grubs RE Gettig EA Krishnamurti L 《Journal of genetic counseling》2011,20(6):572-592
Research among African-Americans indicates this population perceives sickle cell (SCD) to be a serious disease and sickle
cell trait (SCT) screening an important intervention. However, studies have consistently demonstrated a lower than desired
uptake of SCD education, inadequate knowledge regarding personal and family trait status, and a low perceived susceptibility
of giving birth to a child with the disease. We examined general attitudes and beliefs regarding genetics and genetic testing
including prenatal testing and newborn screening; we used this information as the foundation to more specifically assess attitudes
and beliefs regarding SCD and perceived barriers to SCD education and awareness. Thirty-five African-American adult men and
women participated in one of four focus groups. Thematic analysis identified that both prenatal testing and newborn screening
are acceptable forms of genetic testing. Based largely on their personal experiences, participants possessed an understanding
of the natural progression of SCD but had a limited understanding of the inheritance and probable risk of giving birth to
a child with the disease. Barriers to education and greater awareness of SCD were classified as personal, familial, and societal.
Community based interventions focused on sharing the stories of individuals with first-hand experiences with SCD should be
considered. 相似文献
68.
Ackroyd K Fortune DG Price S Howell S Sharrack B Isaac CL 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2011,18(4):372-379
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and their partners show adversarial
growth and to examine which psychological and disability variables contribute to this in patients and their partners. The
study also investigated the relationship between growth and distress. Seventy-two patients with MS and their partners provided
demographic information and completed measures of posttraumatic growth, illness perceptions, depression, cognitive function
and disability. Both patients and partners showed adversarial growth, with patients reporting significantly higher growth
than partners. The only significant predictor for patient growth was partner growth, and vice versa. Dissimilarity in illness
representations between patients and their partners on the consequences of MS dimension, patient mood and patient growth accounted
for significant variance in partner growth. The findings support the idea of a ‘communal search for meaning’ where patients
and their partners experience the trauma of having a chronic illness and subsequently find positive aspects together. 相似文献
69.
Simon P.Liversedge Katie L.Meadmore David Corck-Adelman Shui-I Shih Alexander Pollatsek 《心理与行为研究》2011,9(1):8-15
In this paper we briefly describe preliminary data from two experiments that we have carried out to investigate the relationship between visual encoding and memory for objects and their locations within scenes. In these experiments, we recorded participants′ eye movements as they viewed a photograph of a cubicle with 12 objects positioned pseudo-randomly on a desk and shelves. After viewing the photograph, participants were taken to the actual cubicle where they undertook two memory tests. Participants were asked to identify the 12 target objects(from the photograph)presented amongst 12 distractors. They were then required to place each of the objects in the location that they occupied in the photograph. These tests assessed participants′ memory for identity of the objects and their locations. In Experiment 1, we assessed the influence of the encoding period and the test delay on object identity and location memory. In Experiment 2 we manipulated scanning behaviour during encoding by "boxing"some of the objects in the photo. We showed that using boxes to change eye movement behaviour during encoding directly affected the nature of memory for the scene. The results of these studies indicate a fundamental relationship between visual encoding and memory for objects and their locations. We explain our findings in terms of the Visual Memory Model(Hollingworth & Henderson, 2002). 相似文献
70.
McLaughlin KA Hatzenbuehler ML Mennin DS Nolen-Hoeksema S 《Behaviour research and therapy》2011,(9):544-554