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61.
Filial Responsibility and Transitions Involved: A Qualitative Exploration of Caregiving Daughters and Frail Mothers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
One of the consequences of an aging society is the growing need for caregivers to the increasing number of frail older persons.
This study is a qualitative examination of filial responsibility between caregiving daughters and frail mothers. It explores
filial expectations and motivations and how incongruencies are met and negotiated. Twenty-two women (eleven caregiving dyads)
were interviewed using a semi-structured interview format. Employing the grounded theory methodology, interviews were analyzed
both individually and dyadically for content and themes. What emerged from the analysis was a grounded theory framework of
four intrapsychic caregiving and care-receiving transitions: (1) Realizing I am a Caregiver/Care-receiver; (2) Defining the
Caregiver/Care-receiver Roles; (3) Redefining the Caregiving Relationship; and (4) Relationship Acceptance. The transitions
identified here comprise a loose framework influenced by different levels of filial responsibility—personal, parental, family,
and religious. In addition to the four transitions, one overarching theme called “Emotional Responses to Informal Caregiving
and Care-receiving” was evident throughout the findings. Findings from this research provide a framework for understanding
the often unclear transitions that daughters and mothers believe they go through. Research implications are discussed for
researchers, therapists, caregiving support group leaders, and women who are contemplating or confronted with filial responsibility. 相似文献
62.
Goodman GS Sayfan L Lee JS Sandhei M Walle-Olsen A Magnussen S Pezdek K Arredondo P 《Journal of experimental child psychology》2007,98(4):233-242
This study demonstrates that experience and development interact to influence the "cross-race effect." In a multination study (n=245), Caucasian children and adults of European ancestry living in the United States, Norway, or South Africa, as well as biracial (Caucasian-African American) children and adults living in the United States, were tested for recognition of Asian, African, and Caucasian faces. Regardless of national or biracial background, 8- to 10-year-olds, 12- to 14-year-olds, and adults recognized own-race faces more accurately than other-race faces, and did so to a similar extent, whereas 5- to 7-year-olds recognized all face types equally well. This same developmental pattern emerged for biracial children and adults. Thus, early meaningful exposure did not substantially alter the developmental trajectory. During young childhood, developmental influences on face processing operate on a system sufficiently plastic to preclude, under certain conditions, the cross-race effect. 相似文献
63.
Bret G. Bentz Stephany L. Mahaffey Amber M. Adami Danielle M. Romig Raychel C. Muenke Stephanie G. Barfield Jolyn R. Teer Kathy DeOrnellas 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2009,31(1):20-26
This investigation directly tested the Consider-An-Alternative debiasing procedure and the reduction of pessimistic threat-related
judgments associated with anxiety. Two separate generation interventions were included to test the availability heuristic
as a possible explanation of the debiasing effect. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three interventions and probability
estimates of future threat-related events were completed in a repeated measures experimental design. Level of trait anxiety
was measured to assign participants to “normal” and highly anxious groups. The data were analyzed in a 3 × 2 × 2 mixed factorial
repeated measures ANOVA. The results found that only the short debiasing intervention showed a significant reduction of pessimistic
judgments in comparison to the control group. The results were interpreted as supporting the availability heuristic as an
explanation of the debiasing effect. Further analysis also suggested that the content of recall may be as important to the
debiasing effect as ease of recall. 相似文献
64.
65.
Iris Blandón‐Gitlin Kathy Pezdek D. Stephen Lindsay Lisa Hagen 《Applied cognitive psychology》2009,23(7):901-917
Worldwide, the criteria‐based content analysis (CBCA) is probably the most widely used veracity assessment technique for discriminating between accounts of true and fabricated events. In this study, two experiments examined the effectiveness of the CBCA for discriminating between accounts of true events and suggested events believed to be true. In Experiment 1, CBCA‐trained judges evaluated participants' accounts of true and suggestively planted childhood events. In Experiment 2, judges analysed accounts of recent events that were experimentally manipulated to be a (a) true experience, (b) false experience believed to be true and (c) deliberately fabricated experience. In both experiments CBCA scores were significantly higher for accounts of true events than suggested events. However, this difference was not significant for participants classified as experiencing ‘full’ memories for the suggested event. Self‐report memory measures supported the findings of the CBCA analyses. Taken together these results suggest that the CBCA discriminative power is greatly constrained. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
66.
We analyze differences in cooperation between men and women in social dilemma settings. Using a structural social psychological framework, we examine how the actor, the encounter, the microstructure, and the macrostructure might influence when gender differences emerge in cooperation. Many of the interaction differences, often linked to innate differences between men and women, are modified when the context is modified. We pay particular attention to how status and identity are connected to such modifications. 相似文献
67.
68.
Kathy Sanders-Phillips 《Clinical child and family psychology review》2009,12(2):174-195
This article reviews and examines findings on the impact of racial discrimination on the development and functioning of children
of color in the US. Based on current definitions of violence and child maltreatment, exposure to racial discrimination should
be considered as a form of violence that can significantly impact child outcomes and limit the ability of parents and communities
to provide support that promotes resiliency and optimal child development. In this article, a conceptual model of the effects
of racial discrimination in children of color is presented. The model posits that exposure to racial discrimination may be
a chronic source of trauma in the lives of many children of color that negatively influences mental and physical outcomes
as well as parent and community support and functioning. Concurrent exposure to other forms of violence, including domestic,
interpersonal and/or community violence, may exacerbate these effects. The impact of a potential continuum of violence exposure
for children of color in the US and the need for future research and theoretical models on children’s exposure to violence
that attend to the impact of racial discrimination on child outcomes are discussed. 相似文献
69.
An “Attitudes toward Sexual Abuse” scale is introduced, and its reliability and validity in a study of university students is described. Attitudes supportive of sexual contact with children were associated with variables previously linked to sexual interest in children: male gender, use of pornography, greater numbers of sex partners, and greater endorsement of a scale measuring acceptance of sexual aggression against women. Such beliefs predicted both male and female university students' self-reported interest in having sex with a child, given the absence of detection or punishment, suggesting the potential importance of socially transmitted attitudes in the etiology of sexually abusive behavior. 相似文献
70.
Two experiments test the effects of exposure duration and encoding instruction on the relative memory for five facial features. Participants viewed slides of Identi-kit faces and were later given a recognition test with same or changed versions of each face. Each changed test face involved a change in one facial feature: hair, eyes, chin, nose or mouth. In both experiments the upper-face features of hair and eyes were better recognized than the lower-face features of nose, mouth, and chin, as measured by false alarm rates. In Experiment 1, participants in the 20-second exposure duration condition remembered faces significantly better than participants in the 3-second exposure duration condition; however, memory for all five facial features improved at a similar rate with the increased duration. In Experiment 2, participants directed to use feature scanning encoding instructions remembered faces significantly better than participants following age judgement instructions; however, the size of the memory advantage for upper facial features was less with feature scanning instructions than with age judgement instructions. The results are discussed in terms of a quantitative difference in processing faces with longer exposure duration, versus a qualitative difference in processing faces with various encoding instructions. These results are related to conditions that affect the accuracy of eyewitness identification. 相似文献