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161.
Research conducted on heterosexual women has been generalized to lesbians. However, the question remains whether lesbians differ in their adult development from heterosexual men and women. This article reviews results of 10 one‐on‐one life story interviews conducted with self‐identified lesbians between the ages of 35 and 45. Information from these interviews was analyzed to see if or how they fit into a Levinsonian (D. J. Levinson, 1978) developmental model compared with heterosexual men and women. 相似文献
162.
Joyce M. Alexander Kathy E. Johnson Mary E. Leibham Ken Kelley 《Cognitive development》2008,23(2):324-334
We conducted a longitudinal analysis of the relative intensity and duration of interests associated with conceptual domains between the ages of 4 and 6 years, respectively. Results indicated a significant portion of preschool children do sustain an interest in conceptual domains during some portion of their childhood. Expected gender differences were found, with boys more likely to express an interest in a conceptual domain than girls. A latent growth curve analysis revealed that the probability of exhibiting a conceptual interest declined as school began, though the rate of that decline was similar for both boys and girls. Potential explanations for the decrease in conceptual interests as school begins are considered. 相似文献
163.
We consider how culture impacts the translation of research into practice, focusing on the culture of the client and the culture
of the agency implementing selected programs. We build on lessons learned from a pilot study of an evidence-based family-school
partnership, Families and Schools Together (FAST), to prevent youth violence with low-income, immigrant Latino families in
Southern California. We examine the impact of cultural characteristics on the translation of this innovation into practice
at the community level, relying on an interactive systems framework developed recently by Wandersman and colleagues (2008,
American Journal of Community Psychology, 41(3–4), in press) discussed in this issue. As we point out, the culture of the
client and the culture of the agency can facilitate or impede connections within and across these interactive systems. 相似文献
164.
We examined the validity and reliability of a self-report outcome measure for children between the ages of 8 and 11. The Ohio
Scales Problem Severity scale is a brief, practical outcome measure available in three parallel forms: Parent, Youth, and
Agency Worker. The Youth Self-Report form is currently validated for children ages 12 and older. The Ohio Scales Problem Severity
scale was administered to a clinical and comparison sample of children, ages 8–11, then readministered 1 week later to a subsample
of children in order to examine test-retest reliability. The Ohio Scales demonstrated acceptable internal consistency and
reliability. The Ohio Scales was significantly correlated with the Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC) across both
samples, providing evidence for concurrent validity. Children of the clinical sample reporting higher scores (i.e., more symptomatic)
than the children of the comparison sample on the Ohio Scales, thereby demonstrating construct validity. 相似文献
165.
Professor Kathy Sylva Stephen Scott Vasiliki Totsika Katharina Ereky‐Stevens Carolyn Crook 《The British journal of educational psychology》2008,78(3):435-455
Background . Low levels of literacy and high levels of behaviour problems in middle childhood often co‐occur. These persistent difficulties pose a risk to academic and social development, leading to social exclusion in adulthood. Although parent‐training programmes have been shown to be effective in enabling parents to support their children's development, very few parent interventions offer a combination of behavioural and literacy training. Aims . This paper (1) reports on a prevention programme which aimed to tackle behaviour and literacy problems in children at the beginning of school, and (2) presents the effects of the intervention on children's literacy. Sample . One hundred and four 5‐ and 6‐year‐old children selected from eight schools in an inner city disadvantaged community in London participated in the intervention. Methods . This is a randomized control trial with pre‐ and post‐measurements designed to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention. The behavioural intervention consisted of the ‘Incredible Years’ group parenting programme combined with a new programme designed to train parents to support their children's reading at home. Results . Analyses demonstrated a significant effect of the intervention on children's word reading and writing skills, as well as parents' use of reading strategies with their children. Conclusion . A structured multicomponent preventive package delivered with attention to fidelity can enable parents to support their children's reading at home and increase their literacy skills. Together with the improvement in child behaviour, these changes could improve the life chances of children in disadvantaged communities. 相似文献
166.
One of the most prominent theories for why children struggle to learn verbs is that verb learning requires the abstraction of relations between an object and its action (Gentner, 2003). Two hypotheses suggest how children extract relations to extend a novel verb: (1) seeing many different exemplars allows children to detect the invariant relation between actions in different contexts (Gentner, 2003), and (2) repetition of fewer exemplars allows children to move beyond the entities involved to extract the relation (Kersten & Smith, 2002). We tested 2 1/2- and 3-year-olds' ability to extend a novel verb after viewing the repetition of one novel actor compared to four different actors performing a novel action. Both ages were better at learning and extending a novel verb to a novel actor when shown only one actor rather than four different actors. These results indicate that during initial verb learning less information is more effective. 相似文献
167.
The discrepancy between traditional (Boulder Model) and professional school (Vail Model) clinical psychology graduate programs on the Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology (EPPP) was greater using 1997-2005 data than in an earlier study using 1988-1995 data. The relative decline of the performance of professional school graduates on the EPPP was attributed in part to the increase of 31.1% in number of listed professional schools over the last decade, in particular, because those schools have lower academic standards. It is recommended that professional programs accept fewer students and have more rigorous quality control mechanisms for the students who have been accepted. It is further recommended that no new professional schools be started and that marginal programs be phased out. 相似文献
168.
Sharon M. Kelley Kathy Lewis Janet Sigal 《Journal of Addictions & Offender Counseling》2004,24(2):67-81
The authors investigated the impact that 5 selected risk factors have on the treatment outcome of adolescent male sex offenders. The results indicated that the greatest risk factor among sex offenders was having a mother who had a substance abuse problem. 相似文献
169.
A nationally selected random sample of Roman Catholic secular priests was investigated using the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Form Y. Additionally, a Self-Report Inventory requested information regarding participants' demographics as well as four categories of predictor variables (i.e., Vocational Satisfaction, Social Support, Spiritual Activities, Physical Environment) potentially associated with depression and anxiety. The study yielded a return rate of 64%. Secular clergy reported significantly greater depression and anxiety (both state and trait) than are reported in the general population. Low Vocational Satisfaction was found to be predictive of depression as well as both state and trait anxiety. Additionally, low Social Support was found to be predictive of state and trait anxiety. When the significant predictor variables were conceptually collapsed, it appeared that both people and place were significantly related to Roman Catholic secular priests' experience of depression and anxiety. 相似文献
170.
Karl S. Rosengren Caitlin Carmichael Stevie S. Schein Kathy N. Anderson Isabel T. Gutirrez 《Infant behavior & development》2009,32(3):286-290
Six preschool classrooms, containing children between the ages of 4.0 and 40.0 months, were seeded with miniature items to examine how easily scale errors could be elicited. Observations occurred over a period of 3 months, with a total of 280 min of observations per classroom. A concealed observer documented all interactions with the miniature items. A total of 93 scale errors occurred, with a higher frequency committed by the younger children. These results confirm findings from previous research and suggest that scale errors can be effectively elicited in a preschool classroom. Our approach may provide a useful method for systematically studying the factors that influence scale errors. 相似文献