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131.
132.
Joseph P. Allen Gabe Kuperminc Susan Philliber Kathy Herre 《American journal of community psychology》1994,22(5):617-638
Explored the mechanisms by which a well-validated intervention to prevent school failure, suspension, and teenage pregnancy
produces its effects, using site-level data from 66 sites involving over 1,000 students participating in national replication
of the Teen Outreach Program. Multiple informants provided data on operating characteristics of each site. These were then
used to explain differences across sites in levels of success in reducing youth problem behaviors using a pre-post design
and a well-matched comparison group. In accord with predictions from developmental theory, middle school sites that promoted
student autonomy and relatedness with peers and with site facilitators achieved significantly greater levels of success in
reducing problem behaviors. Offering volunteer experiences perceived as teaching middle school students new skills and leaving
them real choices about the type of work they did was also linked to program success. Although the program was equally sucessful
with students from a wide range of sociodemographic backgrounds, links of program factors to site-level outcomes were found
only for middle school but not high school sites. Implications of these findings for the development of programmatic interventions
targeted at adolescents are discussed.
The Teen Outreach program and its evaluation have been supported by grants from the Charles Stewart Mott Foundation, the Lila
Wallace Reader's Digest Fund and other sources. We also thank the Association of Junior Leagues International, local Junior
Leagues around the country, and the students and facilitators who made this program possible. The Spencer and W. T. Grant
Foundations also provided support to the first author for the write-up of this study. 相似文献
133.
Judith S. Kaufman Alfred F. Carlozzi Donald L. Boswell Laura L.B. Barnes Kathy Wheller-scruggs Patricia A. Levy 《Counselling psychology quarterly》1997,10(3):287-297
For this study 609 gay, lesbian and bisexual individuals were surveyed with respect to openness about sexual orientation and preference for a therapist with a particular sexual orientation. Other factors considered important in selecting a therapist such as licensure, referral source, gender, cost and specialty were also examined. Data for this study was collected using two different methods. In the first method, data was collected from respondents subscribing to internet listervers serving gay, lesbian and bisexual subscribers. In the second, more traditional method, surveys were distributed by mail or hand delivered to various organizations serving gay, lesbian, and bisexual communities in two southwestern states. Findings suggest that significantly more lesbians than gay men and bisexuals in the e-mail sample prefer a therapist of the same sexual orientation. No significant relationships were found between degree of openness and importance of the therapist's sexual orientation. Other factors related to therapist preference were explored, and results are discussed. 相似文献
134.
PLANTING FALSE CHILDHOOD MEMORIES: 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
135.
Bernhardt BA Geller G Strauss M Helzlsouer KJ Stefanek M Wilcox PM Holtzman NA 《Journal of genetic counseling》1997,6(2):207-222
As an initial part of a project to develop a model informed consent process for BRCA1 testing, we conducted a series of focus groups. At the groups, women initially expressed great interest in testing, but their interest diminished after learning more. If offered testing, women would most want to learn about test accuracy, practical details of testing, and management options if the result was positive. Perceived benefits of testing included gaining information leading to risk reduction, relief of uncertainty, more responsible parenting, and assisting in research. Perceived risks included the discomfort and cost of the testing process itself, and anxiety after a positive result. The risk of possible insurance discrimination was rarely mentioned spontaneously. Many women would want their providers to make recommendations, rather than be nondirective about testing. We observed that women vary greatly in their informational and counseling needs, and suggest that the informed consent process should be individualized, taking into account a woman's perception and her preferences for how testing decisions should be made. 相似文献
136.
Barbara J. Myers Ph.D. Gena C. Britt M.S. Diane E. Lodder M.S. Kathy A. Kendall B.S. Margaret G. Williams-Petersen Ph.D. 《Journal of child and family studies》1992,1(4):393-415
We review the effects of maternal cocaine use on the developing human fetus and infant in terms of methodological problems; the physiological action of cocaine on adults and on the developing fetus; the epidemiology of cocaine use; effects on fetal and infant mortality; growth of cocaine-exposed fetuses and infants; physical anomalies; evidence for and against infant withdrawal from cocaine; neurological effects; behavioral effects as shown by the NBAS; findings related to mother-infant interaction and emotional development; and parenting by cocaine-using mothers. Findings in most areas should be considered preliminary due to methodological problems. Published studies of long-term development are not yet available. In general, deleterious consequences of prenatal cocaine exposure are found for some portion of prenatally exposed infants. However, many findings of no difference are also available in methodologically well-controlled studies. 相似文献
137.
138.
This study tested the theoretical proposition that the developmental increase in memory span results from a corresponding increase in the use of grouping strategies. With slow presentation, experimenter-provided grouping eliminated the span differences between sixth graders and adults but, while grouping helped first graders more than adults, a sizable difference in digit span remained. With fast presentation, grouping increased the adults' performance more than the childrens'. Another finding was that both groups of children had greater digit spans with fast presentation than with slow. For adults, the reverse was true. 相似文献
139.
Charles M. Morin Philippe Landreville Cheryl Colecchi Kathy McDonald Jackie Stone William Ling 《Journal of Clinical Geropsychology》1999,5(1):19-29
The assessment of anxiety disorders in late life is often hindered by the lack of measures specifically validated with older adults. Because anxiety manifestations may vary across age groups, it is important to design new instruments or validate existing measures with older adults. This study examined the psychometric properties of the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) in a sample of 281 older adults who were community-dwelling (82.6%) or living in residential care facilities (17.4%). The mean total BAI score was 6.5 (SD = 7.2), indicating minimal anxiety symptomatology in this older sample. There was a trend for older subjects to score higher. Females scored higher than males, and subjects living in a residential facility scored higher than did community dwellers. Item-total correlations were in the moderate range and the internal consistency of the BAI was adequate (alpha = 0.89). A factor analysis yielded a six-factor structure accounting for 64.6% of the variance, with a somatic factor accounting for the largest portion of the variance (32.2%). Because somatic symptoms are more prevalent with aging, such symptoms should not be weighed as heavily in the total BAI score as cognitive or behavioral symptoms. The findings indicate that the BAI is a useful self-report scale for assessing anxiety symptomatology among older adults. 相似文献
140.