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161.
Sharon M. Kelley Kathy Lewis Janet Sigal 《Journal of Addictions & Offender Counseling》2004,24(2):67-81
The authors investigated the impact that 5 selected risk factors have on the treatment outcome of adolescent male sex offenders. The results indicated that the greatest risk factor among sex offenders was having a mother who had a substance abuse problem. 相似文献
162.
DO INFANTS SHOW GENERALIZED IMITATION OF GESTURES? II. THE EFFECTS OF SKILLS TRAINING AND MULTIPLE EXEMPLAR MATCHING TRAINING
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Mihela Erjavec Victoria E. Lovett Pauline J. Horne 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》2009,91(3):355-376
The determinants of generalized imitation of manual gestures were investigated in 1‐ to 2‐year‐old infants. Eleven infants were first trained eight baseline matching relations; then, four novel gestures that the infants did not match in probe trials were selected as target behaviors. Next, in a generalized imitation test in which matching responses to baseline models were intermittently reinforced, but matching responses to target models were not eligible for reinforcement, the infants matched baseline models but not the majority of their target behaviors. To ensure their failure to match the target behaviors was not due to motor constraints, the infants were trained, in a multiple‐baseline procedure, to produce the target responses under stimulus control that did not include an antecedent model of the target behavior. There was no evidence of generalized imitation in subsequent tests. When the infants were next trained to match each target behavior to criterion (tested in extinction) in a multiple‐baseline‐across‐behaviors procedure, only 2 infants continued to match all their targets in subsequent tests; the remaining infants matched only some of them. Seven infants were next given mixed matching training with the target behaviors to criterion (tested in extinction); they subsequently matched these targets without reinforcement when interspersed with trials on which matching responses to baseline models were intermittently reinforced. In repeat tests, administered at 3‐week intervals, these 7 children (and 2 that did not take part in mixed matching training) continued to match most of their target behaviors. The results support a trained matching account, but provide no evidence of generalized imitation, in 1‐ to 2‐year‐old infants. 相似文献
163.
Karl S. Rosengren Caitlin Carmichael Stevie S. Schein Kathy N. Anderson Isabel T. Gutirrez 《Infant behavior & development》2009,32(3):286-290
Six preschool classrooms, containing children between the ages of 4.0 and 40.0 months, were seeded with miniature items to examine how easily scale errors could be elicited. Observations occurred over a period of 3 months, with a total of 280 min of observations per classroom. A concealed observer documented all interactions with the miniature items. A total of 93 scale errors occurred, with a higher frequency committed by the younger children. These results confirm findings from previous research and suggest that scale errors can be effectively elicited in a preschool classroom. Our approach may provide a useful method for systematically studying the factors that influence scale errors. 相似文献
164.
This internet study explored the mediating effects of anxious and avoidant attachment on the link between relationship equality discrepancy and relationship satisfaction among 75 cohabitating U.S. and Canadian women’s same-sex couples. Multiple regression results indicated that both anxious and avoidant attachment were found to mediate the relationship between dyadic equality discrepancy and relationship satisfaction, suggesting that the more partners perceived their relationships to be unequal, the more individual partners’ fears and discomforts about their relationships increased, and in turn, anxious and avoidant attachment was associated with reduced relationship satisfaction. Results reinforced the importance of equality within women’s same-sex relationships; clinical implications are discussed in light of the connection between equality and attachment for adult sexual minority women. 相似文献
165.
166.
Joseph P. Allen Gabe Kuperminc Susan Philliber Kathy Herre 《American journal of community psychology》1994,22(5):617-638
Explored the mechanisms by which a well-validated intervention to prevent school failure, suspension, and teenage pregnancy
produces its effects, using site-level data from 66 sites involving over 1,000 students participating in national replication
of the Teen Outreach Program. Multiple informants provided data on operating characteristics of each site. These were then
used to explain differences across sites in levels of success in reducing youth problem behaviors using a pre-post design
and a well-matched comparison group. In accord with predictions from developmental theory, middle school sites that promoted
student autonomy and relatedness with peers and with site facilitators achieved significantly greater levels of success in
reducing problem behaviors. Offering volunteer experiences perceived as teaching middle school students new skills and leaving
them real choices about the type of work they did was also linked to program success. Although the program was equally sucessful
with students from a wide range of sociodemographic backgrounds, links of program factors to site-level outcomes were found
only for middle school but not high school sites. Implications of these findings for the development of programmatic interventions
targeted at adolescents are discussed.
The Teen Outreach program and its evaluation have been supported by grants from the Charles Stewart Mott Foundation, the Lila
Wallace Reader's Digest Fund and other sources. We also thank the Association of Junior Leagues International, local Junior
Leagues around the country, and the students and facilitators who made this program possible. The Spencer and W. T. Grant
Foundations also provided support to the first author for the write-up of this study. 相似文献
167.
Judith S. Kaufman Alfred F. Carlozzi Donald L. Boswell Laura L.B. Barnes Kathy Wheller-scruggs Patricia A. Levy 《Counselling psychology quarterly》1997,10(3):287-297
For this study 609 gay, lesbian and bisexual individuals were surveyed with respect to openness about sexual orientation and preference for a therapist with a particular sexual orientation. Other factors considered important in selecting a therapist such as licensure, referral source, gender, cost and specialty were also examined. Data for this study was collected using two different methods. In the first method, data was collected from respondents subscribing to internet listervers serving gay, lesbian and bisexual subscribers. In the second, more traditional method, surveys were distributed by mail or hand delivered to various organizations serving gay, lesbian, and bisexual communities in two southwestern states. Findings suggest that significantly more lesbians than gay men and bisexuals in the e-mail sample prefer a therapist of the same sexual orientation. No significant relationships were found between degree of openness and importance of the therapist's sexual orientation. Other factors related to therapist preference were explored, and results are discussed. 相似文献
168.
PLANTING FALSE CHILDHOOD MEMORIES: 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
169.
Bernhardt BA Geller G Strauss M Helzlsouer KJ Stefanek M Wilcox PM Holtzman NA 《Journal of genetic counseling》1997,6(2):207-222
As an initial part of a project to develop a model informed consent process for BRCA1 testing, we conducted a series of focus groups. At the groups, women initially expressed great interest in testing, but their interest diminished after learning more. If offered testing, women would most want to learn about test accuracy, practical details of testing, and management options if the result was positive. Perceived benefits of testing included gaining information leading to risk reduction, relief of uncertainty, more responsible parenting, and assisting in research. Perceived risks included the discomfort and cost of the testing process itself, and anxiety after a positive result. The risk of possible insurance discrimination was rarely mentioned spontaneously. Many women would want their providers to make recommendations, rather than be nondirective about testing. We observed that women vary greatly in their informational and counseling needs, and suggest that the informed consent process should be individualized, taking into account a woman's perception and her preferences for how testing decisions should be made. 相似文献
170.
Barbara J. Myers Ph.D. Gena C. Britt M.S. Diane E. Lodder M.S. Kathy A. Kendall B.S. Margaret G. Williams-Petersen Ph.D. 《Journal of child and family studies》1992,1(4):393-415
We review the effects of maternal cocaine use on the developing human fetus and infant in terms of methodological problems; the physiological action of cocaine on adults and on the developing fetus; the epidemiology of cocaine use; effects on fetal and infant mortality; growth of cocaine-exposed fetuses and infants; physical anomalies; evidence for and against infant withdrawal from cocaine; neurological effects; behavioral effects as shown by the NBAS; findings related to mother-infant interaction and emotional development; and parenting by cocaine-using mothers. Findings in most areas should be considered preliminary due to methodological problems. Published studies of long-term development are not yet available. In general, deleterious consequences of prenatal cocaine exposure are found for some portion of prenatally exposed infants. However, many findings of no difference are also available in methodologically well-controlled studies. 相似文献