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241.
We examined the validity and reliability of a self-report outcome measure for children between the ages of 8 and 11. The Ohio
Scales Problem Severity scale is a brief, practical outcome measure available in three parallel forms: Parent, Youth, and
Agency Worker. The Youth Self-Report form is currently validated for children ages 12 and older. The Ohio Scales Problem Severity
scale was administered to a clinical and comparison sample of children, ages 8–11, then readministered 1 week later to a subsample
of children in order to examine test-retest reliability. The Ohio Scales demonstrated acceptable internal consistency and
reliability. The Ohio Scales was significantly correlated with the Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC) across both
samples, providing evidence for concurrent validity. Children of the clinical sample reporting higher scores (i.e., more symptomatic)
than the children of the comparison sample on the Ohio Scales, thereby demonstrating construct validity. 相似文献
242.
Joyce M. Alexander Kathy E. Johnson Mary E. Leibham Ken Kelley 《Cognitive development》2008,23(2):324-334
We conducted a longitudinal analysis of the relative intensity and duration of interests associated with conceptual domains between the ages of 4 and 6 years, respectively. Results indicated a significant portion of preschool children do sustain an interest in conceptual domains during some portion of their childhood. Expected gender differences were found, with boys more likely to express an interest in a conceptual domain than girls. A latent growth curve analysis revealed that the probability of exhibiting a conceptual interest declined as school began, though the rate of that decline was similar for both boys and girls. Potential explanations for the decrease in conceptual interests as school begins are considered. 相似文献
243.
After the Schutte Self-Report Inventory of Emotional Intelligence (SSRI; Schutte et al., 1998) was found to predict college grade point average, subsequent emotional intelligence (EI)-college adjustment research has used inconsistent measures and widely varying criteria, resulting in confusion about the construct's predictive validity. In this study, we assessed the SSRI's incremental validity for a wide range of adjustment criteria, pitting it against a competing trait measure, the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI; Costa & McCrae, 1992), and tests of fluid and crystallized intelligence. At a broad bandwidth, the SSRI total score significantly and uniquely predicted variance beyond NEO-FFI domain scores in the UCLA Loneliness Scale, Revised (Russell, Peplau, & Cutrono, 1980) scores. Higher fidelity analyses using previously identified SSRI factors and NEO-FFI item clusters revealed that the SSRI's Optimism/Mood Regulation and Emotion Appraisal factors contributed unique variance to self-reported study habits and social stress, respectively. The potential moderation of incremental validity by gender did not reach significance due to loss of power from splitting the sample, and mediational analyses revealed the SSRI Optimism/Mood Regulation factor was both directly and indirectly related to various criteria. We discuss the small magnitude of incremental validity coefficients and the differential incremental validity of SSRI factor and total scores. 相似文献
244.
The selection interview remains the most popular method by which organizations select employees, yet it is also widely criticized for being vulnerable to bias and unfair discrimination. This paper draws upon two specific areas of attribution research: cross-cultural studies of attributional processes and studies of intergroup attributional bias in order to discuss how attributional processes can contribute to unfair discrimination in selection interviews. It is argued that unfair discrimination can arise in two ways: first, as a consequence of ethnocentric attributional biases on the part of interviewers when explaining the behaviour of candidates associated with in-group or out-group status; second, as a result of different patterns of attributions manifest by candidates from diverse cultural groups. 相似文献
245.
246.
Joseph P. Allen Gabe Kuperminc Susan Philliber Kathy Herre 《American journal of community psychology》1994,22(5):617-638
Explored the mechanisms by which a well-validated intervention to prevent school failure, suspension, and teenage pregnancy
produces its effects, using site-level data from 66 sites involving over 1,000 students participating in national replication
of the Teen Outreach Program. Multiple informants provided data on operating characteristics of each site. These were then
used to explain differences across sites in levels of success in reducing youth problem behaviors using a pre-post design
and a well-matched comparison group. In accord with predictions from developmental theory, middle school sites that promoted
student autonomy and relatedness with peers and with site facilitators achieved significantly greater levels of success in
reducing problem behaviors. Offering volunteer experiences perceived as teaching middle school students new skills and leaving
them real choices about the type of work they did was also linked to program success. Although the program was equally sucessful
with students from a wide range of sociodemographic backgrounds, links of program factors to site-level outcomes were found
only for middle school but not high school sites. Implications of these findings for the development of programmatic interventions
targeted at adolescents are discussed.
The Teen Outreach program and its evaluation have been supported by grants from the Charles Stewart Mott Foundation, the Lila
Wallace Reader's Digest Fund and other sources. We also thank the Association of Junior Leagues International, local Junior
Leagues around the country, and the students and facilitators who made this program possible. The Spencer and W. T. Grant
Foundations also provided support to the first author for the write-up of this study. 相似文献
247.
Anchoring and adjustment is a pervasive bias in which decision makers are influenced by random or uninformative numbers or starting points. As a means of understanding this effect, we explore two limits on anchoring. In Experiments 1 and 2, implausibly extreme anchors had a proportionally smaller effect than anchors close to the expected value of the lotteries evaluated. In Experiments 2 and 3, anchoring occurred only if the anchor and preference judgment were expressed on the same scale. Incompatible anchors and response modes resulted in no anchoring bias. A confirmatory search mechanism is proposed to account for these results. 相似文献
248.
PLANTING FALSE CHILDHOOD MEMORIES: 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
249.
The forces applied to pedals during cycling were collected every 40 ms from approximately 29,000 movement repetitions. Intra-cycle mean values of force and its variability were significantly correlated, supporting Schmidt's impulse variability theory of within-movement activities of the legs. In addition, as mean forces approached peak values, coefficients of variation decreased. From averages taken minute by minute, intra-cycle forces were seen to rise or fall in concert, implying that the pattern as a whole constituted a significant neuro-muscular unit of control. 相似文献
250.
Barbara J. Myers Ph.D. Gena C. Britt M.S. Diane E. Lodder M.S. Kathy A. Kendall B.S. Margaret G. Williams-Petersen Ph.D. 《Journal of child and family studies》1992,1(4):393-415
We review the effects of maternal cocaine use on the developing human fetus and infant in terms of methodological problems; the physiological action of cocaine on adults and on the developing fetus; the epidemiology of cocaine use; effects on fetal and infant mortality; growth of cocaine-exposed fetuses and infants; physical anomalies; evidence for and against infant withdrawal from cocaine; neurological effects; behavioral effects as shown by the NBAS; findings related to mother-infant interaction and emotional development; and parenting by cocaine-using mothers. Findings in most areas should be considered preliminary due to methodological problems. Published studies of long-term development are not yet available. In general, deleterious consequences of prenatal cocaine exposure are found for some portion of prenatally exposed infants. However, many findings of no difference are also available in methodologically well-controlled studies. 相似文献