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Hoarding among elderly clients can have serious health and safety consequences, including death. Because medications and standard behavioral treatments have yielded limited benefits for people with serious hoarding problems, we employed a specialized cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT) based on Frost and colleagues' model of hoarding problems. Of 11 elderly clients who met screening criteria for hoarding at a community mental health center, 6 completed an average of 35 sessions of therapy administered by a B.A.-level therapist trained and supervised in CBT methods. Treatment consisted of weekly home visits that included motivational interviewing, organizing and decision-making skills, cognitive therapy regarding hoarding and related beliefs, and practice sorting, discarding, and not acquiring. Modest improvement was evident in ratings of clutter, risky situations in the home, and functioning. Clients were generally satisfied with treatment. Challenges in treating hoarding in elderly clients include health and safety risks as well as reduced physical capacity that required problem-solving strategies. 相似文献
53.
Jean Rhodes Sarah R. Lowe Leon Litchfield Kathy Walsh-Samp 《Journal of Vocational Behavior》2008,72(2):183-192
The role of gender in shaping the course and quality of adult-youth mentoring relationships was examined. The study drew on data from a large, random assignment evaluation of Big Brothers Big Sisters of America (BBSA) programs [Grossman, J. B., & Tierney, J. P. (1998). Does mentoring work? An impact study of the Big Brothers Big Sisters program. Evaluation Review, 22, 403-426], and focused on variables associated with youth’s relationships with their parents and mentors. At baseline, girls reported significantly lower levels of parental trust and higher levels of alienation from their parents than boys. Nonetheless, girls’ mentoring relationships lasted significantly longer than those of boys. Moreover, girls were less satisfied than boys in short- and medium-term relationships, but were more satisfied than boys in long-term relationships. Similarly, girls in long-term relationships rated mentoring as more helpful than either the boys or the girls in the shorter-term relationship groups. Particularly in light of the heightened mistrust and alienation from parents at baseline, and the role of improved parent relationships in mediating the effects of mentoring, the protective aspect of longer-lasting mentoring relationships may be particularly salient for girls. 相似文献
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Items from the Emotional Support Subscale of the Bosch Support Measure were administered in a small survey of 56 formerly abused rural women in the midwestern USA. Maximum likelihood factor analyses were performed on a total of 21 items. A 5-factor solution appeared to produce the best results, but only 3 factors suggested viable subscales with Cronbach alphas greater than .80. Informal support networks in the rural areas studied here appeared to provide survivors of domestic violence with general emotional support to a greater extent than guidance on accessing professional resources and help. 相似文献
56.
Neurobehavioral functioning of 50 Canadian children diagnosed with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) was evaluated. The aims of this study were to identify specific areas of weakness in neurobehavioral functioning, to examine whether neurobehavioral functioning was related to various predictor variables, and to determine which measures differentiated between children given a brain score of 2 (possible dysfunction) and 3 (probable dysfunction). Participants displayed difficulties with many aspects of intelligence, memory, executive functioning, and attention. Measures of Full scale and Verbal IQ, as well as memory for faces and numbers differentiated between children with a brain 2 and 3 ranking. An interesting pattern of strengths and weaknesses emerged as well as significant differences related to ethnic background, gender, and age. Aboriginal children and Caucasian children with FASD do not appear to show the same pattern of strengths and weaknesses in neurobehavioral functioning. 相似文献
57.
Filial Responsibility and Transitions Involved: A Qualitative Exploration of Caregiving Daughters and Frail Mothers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
One of the consequences of an aging society is the growing need for caregivers to the increasing number of frail older persons.
This study is a qualitative examination of filial responsibility between caregiving daughters and frail mothers. It explores
filial expectations and motivations and how incongruencies are met and negotiated. Twenty-two women (eleven caregiving dyads)
were interviewed using a semi-structured interview format. Employing the grounded theory methodology, interviews were analyzed
both individually and dyadically for content and themes. What emerged from the analysis was a grounded theory framework of
four intrapsychic caregiving and care-receiving transitions: (1) Realizing I am a Caregiver/Care-receiver; (2) Defining the
Caregiver/Care-receiver Roles; (3) Redefining the Caregiving Relationship; and (4) Relationship Acceptance. The transitions
identified here comprise a loose framework influenced by different levels of filial responsibility—personal, parental, family,
and religious. In addition to the four transitions, one overarching theme called “Emotional Responses to Informal Caregiving
and Care-receiving” was evident throughout the findings. Findings from this research provide a framework for understanding
the often unclear transitions that daughters and mothers believe they go through. Research implications are discussed for
researchers, therapists, caregiving support group leaders, and women who are contemplating or confronted with filial responsibility. 相似文献
58.
Goodman GS Sayfan L Lee JS Sandhei M Walle-Olsen A Magnussen S Pezdek K Arredondo P 《Journal of experimental child psychology》2007,98(4):233-242
This study demonstrates that experience and development interact to influence the "cross-race effect." In a multination study (n=245), Caucasian children and adults of European ancestry living in the United States, Norway, or South Africa, as well as biracial (Caucasian-African American) children and adults living in the United States, were tested for recognition of Asian, African, and Caucasian faces. Regardless of national or biracial background, 8- to 10-year-olds, 12- to 14-year-olds, and adults recognized own-race faces more accurately than other-race faces, and did so to a similar extent, whereas 5- to 7-year-olds recognized all face types equally well. This same developmental pattern emerged for biracial children and adults. Thus, early meaningful exposure did not substantially alter the developmental trajectory. During young childhood, developmental influences on face processing operate on a system sufficiently plastic to preclude, under certain conditions, the cross-race effect. 相似文献
59.
Bret G. Bentz Stephany L. Mahaffey Amber M. Adami Danielle M. Romig Raychel C. Muenke Stephanie G. Barfield Jolyn R. Teer Kathy DeOrnellas 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2009,31(1):20-26
This investigation directly tested the Consider-An-Alternative debiasing procedure and the reduction of pessimistic threat-related
judgments associated with anxiety. Two separate generation interventions were included to test the availability heuristic
as a possible explanation of the debiasing effect. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three interventions and probability
estimates of future threat-related events were completed in a repeated measures experimental design. Level of trait anxiety
was measured to assign participants to “normal” and highly anxious groups. The data were analyzed in a 3 × 2 × 2 mixed factorial
repeated measures ANOVA. The results found that only the short debiasing intervention showed a significant reduction of pessimistic
judgments in comparison to the control group. The results were interpreted as supporting the availability heuristic as an
explanation of the debiasing effect. Further analysis also suggested that the content of recall may be as important to the
debiasing effect as ease of recall. 相似文献
60.