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81.
Gerald K. Harrison 《Philosophia》2010,38(3):555-568
Cases involving certain kinds of manipulation seem to challenge compatibilism about responsibility-grounding free will. To
deal with such cases many compatibilists give what has become known as a ‘soft line’ reply. In this paper I present a challenge
to the soft line reply. I argue that any relevant case involving manipulation—and to which a compatibilist might wish to give
a soft line reply—can be transformed into one supporting a degree of moral responsibility through the addition of libertarian
elements (such as alternative possibilities of a kind unavailable under determinism and executive control of the sort commonly
associated with agent-causation). From a compatibilist’s perspective the subtraction of libertarian elements should make no
difference to any assessment of the agent’s responsibility. The compatibilist should therefore judge the agent morally responsible
after the removal of the libertarian elements. Yet removal of the libertarian elements returns the case to its original form
and thus what started out as a soft line has now collapsed into a hard line reply. Various ways of resisting my argument are
considered, but each is shown to carry important burdens. 相似文献
82.
Substance use disorders affect not only the identified client but significant others as well. Dyadic and family dysfunction is typically associated with a family member's alcohol or drug abuse. One area of research interest based on clinical conceptions of these families is that of partner support or coping in response to the addiction. Female partners of male alcoholics have received much of this clinical and research attention, and have alternatively been labeled as codependents, co-alcoholics, or enablers. Broadening the therapeutic emphasis beyond the impaired individual underscores the systemic notion that a loved one's addiction necessarily affects spouses and partners, and that partner responses may in turn affect drinking or drug behaviors. The present article contrasts the enabling and codependency constructs, reviews empirical studies of enabling, and offers a conceptualization of partner responses to addiction that could enhance future research efforts and clinical applications in this area. 相似文献
83.
Two studies were conducted to examine the effects of unimodal and multimodal cueing techniques for indicating the location of threats on target acquisition, the recall of information from concurrent communications, and perceived workload. One visual, two auditory (i.e., nonspatial speech and spatial tones [3-D]), and one tactile cue were assessed in Experiment 1. Experiment 2 examined the effects of combinations of the cues assessed in the first investigation: visual + nonspatial speech, visual + spatial tones, visual + tactile, and nonspatial speech + tactile. A unimodal, “visual only” condition was included as a baseline to determine the extent to which a supplementary cue might influence changes in performance and workload. The results of the studies indicated that time to first shot and the percentage of hits can be improved and workload reduced by providing cues about target location. The multimodal cues did not yield significant improvements in performance or workload beyond that achieved by the unimodal visual cue. 相似文献
84.
Kathy A. McCloskey PhD PsyD Marilyn Sitaker MS MPH 《Journal of aggression, maltreatment & trauma》2013,22(3-4):1-6
Abstract The editors provide an overview of the obstacles that prevent us from ending child abuse in the United States and briefly summarize the various articles in this volume that address these obstacles from multiple points of view. 相似文献
85.
Lora D. Allison Morris A. Okun Kathy S. Dutridge 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》2002,12(4):243-255
The purpose of the present study was to compare the motives of volunteers (career, esteem, protective, social, understanding, and value) as assessed by an open‐ended probe and the Volunteer Functions Inventory (VFI) which employs a Likert rating scale. One‐hundred‐and‐twenty‐nine individuals, who volunteered for an organization that focuses on episodic volunteering in the community, completed both measures of volunteer motives and reported their frequency of volunteering for the organization. The Spearman rank correlation between the rankings of the six volunteer motives in the two distributions was 0.71. The maximum variance shared between the same motive as assessed by the two methods was 0.14. Frequency of volunteering for the organization was predicted by the value (positive predictor) and social (negative predictor) VFI scale scores. A post hoc analysis of the data from the open‐ended probe revealed three additional motives for volunteering—enjoyment, religiosity, and team building. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
86.
87.
Gerald Harrison 《South African Journal of Philosophy》2013,32(1):94-103
AbstractBenatar’s central argument for antinatalism develops an asymmetry between the pain and pleasure in a potential life. I am going to present an alternative route to the antinatalist conclusion. I argue that duties require victims and that as a result there is no duty to create the pleasures contained within a prospective life but a duty not to create any of its sufferings. My argument can supplement Benatar’s, but it also enjoys some advantages: it achieves a better fit with our intuitions; it does not require us to acknowledge that life is a harm, or that a world devoid of life is a good thing; and it is easy to see why it does not have any pro-mortalist implications. 相似文献
88.
Claude H. Miller Bobi Ivanov Jeanetta Sims Josh Compton Kylie J. Harrison Kimberly A. Parker James L. Parker Joshua M. Averbeck 《人类交流研究》2013,39(1):127-155
The efficacy of inoculation theory has been confirmed by decades of empirical research, yet optimizing its effectiveness remains a vibrant line of investigation. The present research turns to psychological reactance theory for a means of enhancing the core mechanisms of inoculation—threat and refutational preemption. Findings from a multisite study indicate reactance enhances key resistance outcomes, including: threat, anger at attack message source, negative cognitions, negative affect, anticipated threat to freedom, anticipated attack message source derogation, perceived threat to freedom, perceived attack message source derogation, and counterarguing. Most importantly, reactance‐enhanced inoculations result in lesser attitude change—the ultimate measure of resistance. 相似文献
89.
Robert J. Storella Harrison W. Wood Kenneth M. Mills Jørgen K. Kanters Michael V. Højgaard Niels-Henrik Holstein-Rathlou 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》1998,33(4):315-320
The contribution of nonlinear dynamics to heart rate variability in healthy humans was examined using surrogate data analysis.
Several measures of heart rate variability were used and compared. Heart rates were recorded for three hours and original
data sets of 8192 R-R intervals created. For each original data set (n=34), three surrogate data sets were made by shuffling
the order of the R-R intervals while retaining their linear correlations. The difference in heart rate variability between
the original and surrogate data sets reflects the amount of nonlinear structure in the original data set. Heart rate variability
was analyzed by two different nonlinear methods, point correlation dimension and approximate entropy. Nonlinearity, though
under 10 percent, could be detected with both types of heart rate variability measures. More importantly, not only were the
correlations between these measures and the standard deviation of the R-R intervals weak, the correlation among the nonlinear
measures themselves was also weak (generally less than 0.6). This suggests that in addition to standard linear measures of
heart rate variability, the use of multiple nonlinear measures of heart rate variability might be useful in monitoring heart
rate dynamics. 相似文献
90.