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121.
122.
This study examines whether, in a male prison, the subjective experience of crowding increases the likelihood that events are perceived as aggressive in nature, and whether the protagonists involved are viewed as more hostile, malevolent, and aggressive. In addition, this paper also examines the possible mediating effects of stress, arousal, and psychological well‐being on two hypothesised relationships. First, these mediating factors are examined for the link between individuals' personal space preferences and their perceived level of crowding. Second, these factors are examined for the link between perceived crowding and interpretations of an aggressive event. Such associations may help to explain why crowding and aggression are linked within a social interactionist perspective. The results confirmed previous findings that crowding is linked to increases in arousal and stress, and a reduction in psychological well‐being. This study also found, however, that those inmates who experienced crowding were also more likely to interpret behaviour as aggressive and violent. This relationship was not mediated by arousal, stress, or psychological well‐being. However, these factors were found to partially operate in the relationship between personal space preferences and the experience of subjective crowding. The implications of this study for social interactionist explanations of the link between crowding and prison violence are offered. Aggr. Behav. 30:273–283, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献
123.
This study was designed to investigate choice of role models and levels of self-esteem within a sample of college students (N = 120). Participants rated themselves and their chosen role models on 29 character traits, which allowed determination of the self-perceived likeness of the participant to their role models (difference score). The difference score was then correlated with four subtypes of self-esteem. As predicted, participants chose more same-sex than other-sex role models; women were more likely than men to choose other-sex role models. The results indicated that choice of same-sex, as opposed to other-sex role models, is not indicative of higher levels of self-esteem in general. However, self-perceived likeness of role model to participant is significantly related to self-esteem, particularly for women. 相似文献
124.
Infertility affects many individuals and couples. This article begins with a case study of a couple who have experienced infertility yet do not identify infer tility as their presenting problem. Clients and counselors alike often overlook infertility. This article offers an overview of the biology of infertility and its psychological and sociological effects. Counseling issues are presented to assist counselors to identify infertility as a concern and provide interventions. 相似文献
125.
Associations between insecure attachment and sexual experiences were tested in a sample of 328 college students. Variations in adult attachment previously have been shown to relate to sexual behaviors, with the current study extending earlier work by examining different sexual outcomes and by testing factors that may account for these relations. Avoidant attachment was expected to relate to engagement in casual sex (i.e., a greater number of sexual partners and lower percentage of partners within committed relationships), with less restrictive sexual beliefs mediating the relations. In contrast, anxious attachment was expected to relate to more unwanted but consensual sexual experiences, and to more negative affect about sexual experiences, with low self‐esteem mediating the relations. Results showed some support for the hypotheses. Avoidant attachment was related to the type (but not number) of sexual partners, with sexual beliefs mediating the relations. A greater number of unwanted but consensual sexual experiences related to anxious and avoidant attachment for women and to avoidant attachment for men. Anxiety related to negative affect for women and men, and self‐esteem served as a partial mediator of these relations. 相似文献
126.
Kathryn L. Humphreys Steve S. Lee 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2011,33(3):299-307
We used the Balloon Analog Risk Task (BART) to examine risk taking and sensitivity to punishment, two relevant aspects of
behavioral inhibition, in 203 school-age children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant
disorder (ODD), ADHD+ODD, and controls. Participants earned points on the BART by pumping 30 separate balloons that exploded
at variable intervals. No points were earned on a trial when a balloon exploded. The number of pumps across all balloons estimated
risk taking and the reduction in pumps following balloon explosions was interpreted as an indicator of sensitivity to negative
punishment. We found that all groups significantly differed from one another on risk taking. The ADHD+ODD group pumped the
most, followed by the ODD, ADHD, and the control group, respectively. For sensitivity to negative punishment, all groups performed
differently, with the ODD group showing the least sensitivity to an exploded balloon, followed by the ADHD, control, and ADHD+ODD
groups, respectively. Children with ADHD+ODD demonstrated significantly different patterns of risk taking and sensitivity
to negative punishment than children with either ADHD-only or ODD-only. ADHD youth with comorbid ODD had the greatest levels
of risk taking, but they were also the most sensitive to negative punishment. The relationship between ADHD and ODD, as well
as the nature of comorbidity in constructs related to risk taking and related behaviors, are discussed. 相似文献
127.
Edward Mone Christina Eisinger Kathryn Guggenheim Bennett Price Carolyn Stine 《Journal of business and psychology》2011,26(2):205-212
Based on a study conducted in a large corporation (XINC, a pseudonym) and other research, it appears that performance management
can be used to increase levels of employee engagement. We begin this article with a discussion of employee engagement, define
engaged employees as those who feel involved, committed, passionate, and empowered, and demonstrate those feelings in work
behavior. We then discuss an expanded view of performance management, conceptualizing it as five major activities that serve
to organize relevant behaviors shown to be either direct or indirect predictors of employee engagement in the study at XINC.
These major activities include setting performance and development goals, providing ongoing feedback and recognition, managing
employee development, conducting mid-year and year-end appraisals, and building a climate of trust and empowerment. In turn,
we briefly discuss how each of these major activities contributes to employee engagement, suggest which activities benefit
from further research, and recommend possible studies. Although there is evidence for performance management as a driver of
employee engagement, we conclude there is a need for additional research that clarifies for managers which of these activities
have the strongest impact on employee engagement. 相似文献
128.
During young adulthood the suicide rate among Blacks rises dramatically and approaches that of the U.S. general population, requiring that prevention efforts include a focus on Black young adults. Although most research on suicidality among Blacks has focused on risk factors observed in the dominant culture, in this study the authors examined associations between perceived discrimination, racism, and acculturation with lifetime suicidal ideation (SI) and suicide attempt (SA) among Black young adults. Two hundred fifty Black or African American individuals aged 18-24 residing in a midsize northeastern city were recruited to participate through advertisements. Participants filled out self-report questionnaires. Logistic regressions were used to examine the association of each predictor with SI and SA. Greater perceived acculturation was associated with SI in univariate and multivariate models. There were no other statistically significant results concerning the predictors of interest. The link between perceived acculturation and SI is consistent with limited available data, indicating the need for further study including the potential mechanism(s) for the association. Limitations include the cross-sectional design and reliance on subjective measures. 相似文献
129.
Douglas A. Guiffrida Kathryn Z. Douthit Martin F. Lynch Karen L. Mackie 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》2011,89(3):282-287
The increased use of action research in counseling training and professional publications provides an opportunity to bridge the research‐practitioner gap that has plagued the profession for decades. In this article, action research is defined, and special considerations that counselor researchers need to address when designing, conducting, and reporting action research are presented. Suggestions are included throughout the article to assist counseling action researchers in publishing their studies in American Counseling Association journals. 相似文献
130.
The present study investigated four (anger, depression, anxiety, impulsivity) potential risk factors for the development of
eating disorders in 79 male college students. All participants completed the Setting Conditions for Anorexia Nervosa Scale
(SCANS), to determine if they were at-risk for the development of an eating disorder. The hypothesis, that males who are at-risk
for the development of an eating disorder would show a higher occurrence of the potential risk factors, was partially supported.
Those who scored high on the Dissatisfaction subscale of the SCANS had high positive correlations with all four risk factors.
The SCANS Perfectionism subscale showed no such relationships with any of the risk factoes. 相似文献