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141.
During young adulthood the suicide rate among Blacks rises dramatically and approaches that of the U.S. general population, requiring that prevention efforts include a focus on Black young adults. Although most research on suicidality among Blacks has focused on risk factors observed in the dominant culture, in this study the authors examined associations between perceived discrimination, racism, and acculturation with lifetime suicidal ideation (SI) and suicide attempt (SA) among Black young adults. Two hundred fifty Black or African American individuals aged 18-24 residing in a midsize northeastern city were recruited to participate through advertisements. Participants filled out self-report questionnaires. Logistic regressions were used to examine the association of each predictor with SI and SA. Greater perceived acculturation was associated with SI in univariate and multivariate models. There were no other statistically significant results concerning the predictors of interest. The link between perceived acculturation and SI is consistent with limited available data, indicating the need for further study including the potential mechanism(s) for the association. Limitations include the cross-sectional design and reliance on subjective measures. 相似文献
142.
Douglas A. Guiffrida Kathryn Z. Douthit Martin F. Lynch Karen L. Mackie 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》2011,89(3):282-287
The increased use of action research in counseling training and professional publications provides an opportunity to bridge the research‐practitioner gap that has plagued the profession for decades. In this article, action research is defined, and special considerations that counselor researchers need to address when designing, conducting, and reporting action research are presented. Suggestions are included throughout the article to assist counseling action researchers in publishing their studies in American Counseling Association journals. 相似文献
143.
The present study investigated four (anger, depression, anxiety, impulsivity) potential risk factors for the development of
eating disorders in 79 male college students. All participants completed the Setting Conditions for Anorexia Nervosa Scale
(SCANS), to determine if they were at-risk for the development of an eating disorder. The hypothesis, that males who are at-risk
for the development of an eating disorder would show a higher occurrence of the potential risk factors, was partially supported.
Those who scored high on the Dissatisfaction subscale of the SCANS had high positive correlations with all four risk factors.
The SCANS Perfectionism subscale showed no such relationships with any of the risk factoes. 相似文献
144.
Degnan KA Hane AA Henderson HA Moas OL Reeb-Sutherland BC Fox NA 《Developmental psychology》2011,47(3):765-780
The goals of the current study were to investigate the stability of temperamental exuberance across infancy and toddlerhood and to examine the associations between exuberance and social-emotional outcomes in early childhood. The sample consisted of 291 4-month-olds followed at 9, 24, and 36 months and again at 5 years of age. Behavioral measures of exuberance were collected at 9, 24, and 36 months. At 36 months, frontal electroencephalogram (EEG) asymmetry was assessed. At 5 years, maternal reports of temperament and behavior problems were collected, as were observational measures of social behavior during an interaction with an unfamiliar peer in the laboratory. Latent profile analysis revealed a high, stable exuberance profile that was associated with greater ratings of 5-year externalizing behavior and surgency, as well as observed disruptive behavior and social competence with unfamiliar peers. These associations were particularly true for children who displayed left frontal EEG asymmetry. Multiple factors supported an approach bias for exuberant temperament but did not differentiate between adaptive and maladaptive social-emotional outcomes at 5 years of age. 相似文献
145.
Castel AD Humphreys KL Lee SS Galván A Balota DA McCabe DP 《Developmental psychology》2011,47(6):1553-1564
Although attentional control and memory change considerably across the life span, no research has examined how the ability to strategically remember important information (i.e., value-directed remembering) changes from childhood to old age. The present study examined this in different age groups across the life span (N = 320, 5-96 years old). A selectivity task was used in which participants were asked to study and recall items worth different point values in order to maximize their point score. This procedure allowed for measures of memory quantity/capacity (number of words recalled) and memory efficiency/selectivity (the recall of high-value items relative to low-value items). Age-related differences were found for memory capacity, as young adults recalled more words than the other groups. However, in terms of selectivity, younger and older adults were more selective than adolescents and children. The dissociation between these measures across the life span illustrates important age-related differences in terms of memory capacity and the ability to selectively remember high-value information. 相似文献
146.
In two studies, we examined inter-individual variability in responses to both negative and positive events. In the first study,
participants (119 college students) reported on negative and positive events from their own lives. The second was an experiment
in which participants (133 college students) were given either negative or positive feedback about their personality. With
negative events, more insecure individuals, especially anxiously attached, evidenced more intense negative emotional reactions
and greater processing of (i.e., ruminating on) negative experiences. With positive events, securely attached individuals
and less anxiously attached engaged in greater processing of positive experiences (maximized), whereas more insecure individuals
tended to minimize positive experiences. Gender differences for emotion regulation were moderated by either attachment or
event type. Findings for negative events generally coincide with prior research, and those for positive events provide new
evidence that attachment style could affect how people react to positive events and emotions. 相似文献
147.
Insomnia leads to disrupted sleep and daytime fatigue. Many people who have this disorder look to the medical profession for treatment; however, it has been demonstrated that psychological approaches are usually more efficacious over the long term. Furthermore, such interventions are safe, cost effective, brief, and do not require extensive expertise. The authors provide an overview of the current best practices in assessment and treatment to encourage counselors to use these techniques when treating clients with insomnia. 相似文献
148.
149.
Human cognition relies on the ability to extract generalizable knowledge from limited evidence. One type of inductive learning, overhypothesis formation, allows learners to make inferences that take them beyond the limits of direct experience, leading to the creation of abstract knowledge. The developmental roots of this ability have yet to be investigated. We report three experiments examining whether 9-month-old infants are capable of forming overhypotheses. Our results show that when given evidence about a few objects in some category, infants formed a second-order generalization about categories in general. These findings provide evidence that infants possess a powerful mechanism for inductive learning-a mechanism that may be applied to many domains and that can account for the development of many inductive biases later on. 相似文献
150.
Visual attentional processing was examined in adult meditators and non-meditators on behavioral measures of change blindness, concentration, perspective-shifting, selective attention, and sustained inattentional blindness. Results showed that meditators (1) noticed more changes in flickering scenes and noticed them more quickly, (2) counted more accurately in a challenging concentration task, (3) identified a greater number of alternative perspectives in multiple perspectives images, and (4) showed less interference from invalid cues in a visual selective attention task, but (5) did not differ on a measure of sustained inattentional blindness. Together, results show that regular meditation is associated with more accurate, efficient, and flexible visual attentional processing across diverse tasks that have high face validity outside of the laboratory. Furthermore, effects were assessed in a context separate from actual meditation practice, suggesting that meditators’ better visual attention is not just immediate, but extends to contexts separate from meditation practice. 相似文献