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821.
822.
Phyllis Mirkin Stanley Deno Gerald Tindal Kathryn Kuehnle 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》1982,4(4):361-370
A study was conducted to investigate the effects on students' spelling achievement of variations in teacher assessment procedures. Teachers measured student spelling performance at a constant level of task difficulty using different measurement frequencies and different rules to interpret the data. Each teacher wrote two consecutive 3-week goals for improved spelling performance for two sets of 100 spelling words and then measured student performance either daily or weekly by dictating randomly selected words from each 100-word list. Teachers were trained to apply either a predetermined set of decision rules or their own judgment to the data to decide if the spelling program they had implemented for the student was effective. Ineffective programs were changed or modified. Results indicated that daily measurement was significantly more effective than weekly measurement in increasing spelling achievement and that, under certain conditions, decision rules were more effective than teacher judgment in determining when to make program changes or modifications.This research was conducted pursuant to Contract 300-77-0491 between the Bureau of Education for the Handicapped (now called Special Education Programs) and the University of Minnesota Institute for Research on Learning Disabilities. 相似文献
823.
Two experiments were conducted to investigate context effects on the lexical decision process. In both experiments, observers classified letter strings as words or nonwords following the presentation of context in the form of an incomplete sentence. In Experiment 1, the predictability of congruous word stimuli and their frequency of occurrence in printed English were varied. These two factors had independent and additive effects on decision latencies. Stimulus quality, word frequency, and semantic congruity (i.e., congruous vs. incongruous) between the context and the stimulus were varied in Experiment 2. The effects of semantic congruity and word frequency on decision latencies combined additively, as did the effects of semantic congruity and stimulus quality. Two complementary mechanisms were proposed within the framework of a modified version of Becker’s verification model to account for the differential effects of single-word and sentence context priming on the lexical decision process. 相似文献
824.
Jay V. Solnick Curtis J. Braukmann Martha M. Bedlington Kathryn A. Kirigin Montrose M. Wolf 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》1981,9(1):107-119
Interactions between the youths and group home parents in 10 group homes were directly observed during a 2-hour session in each home. These observations were compared to questionnaire measures of the youths' self-reported delinquency while in the group home, and their evaluation of the group home program. The results indicated that over the 10 homes there was a strong inverse correlation between mean self-reported delinquency and the average amount of time youths spent taking to (r
s
=–.95)and in proximity to (r
s
=–.81)their group home parents. Talking to group home parents also showed a positive correlation with the youths' evaluation of their group home program. Similar trends were found when the correlations were computed over individual youths, although the magnitudes were reduced. These data may have implications for our understanding of the relationship between parenting behaviors and delinquency, as well as for the improvement of group-home treatment programs.This research was supported by Grant MH20030 and by a postdoctoral research fellowship (Grant MH15200, awarded to the first author) from the National Institute of Mental Health (Center for Studies in Crime and Delinquency). These grants were made to the Bureau of Child Research and the Department of Human Development, University of Kansas. The authors wish to thank Susan Whitely for her statistical consultation, and Jay Atwater, Carol Cramer, and Lynette Forbes for their help in the data analysis. Appreciation is also extended to the many teaching-parents whose cooperation made the research possible. 相似文献
825.
In order to isolate variables present in school psychologists which may enhance effective delivery of school psychological service, supervisors of psychological services, classroom teachers, and building principals within the state of Iowa were asked to evaluate the performance of their school psychologist in 10 functional areas. Both supervisors and classroom teachers perceived those school psychologists with 4–9 years experience as the most effective. Teaching experience, as a requirement for school psychology certification, did not receive support. The level of training for the psychologist (degree) yielded conflicting results among the raters. 相似文献
826.
Sex of leader and subordinate role stress: A field study 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This research examines the relationship between sex of leader and subordinate perceptions of two dimensions of role stress — role conflict and role ambiguity — as moderated by subordinate job level, age, and sex. Interaction effects for sex of leader also are investigated. Subjects are 184 supervisory and nonsupervisory employees of a psychiatric hospital. Results suggest that sex of leader does not significantly affect subordinate role conflict and role ambiguity. Most interactions were nonsignificant. 相似文献
827.
The purpose of this correlational study was to examine the relationship between body satisfaction and self-concept in elementary
school children. Participants were twentythree boys and twenty-eight girls from the third and sixth grades of a rural public
school. Demographic information, body satisfaction scores, self-concept scores, and measures of parental attitudes were obtained
from the participants through a questionnaire. It was hypothesized that body satisfaction and self-concept would be related
in elementary school children. It was expected that this relationship would be impacted by grade, sex, and parental attitudes.
A significant relationship existed between body satisfaction and self-concept in girls, but not boys. No grade differences
were detected in the relationship. Body satisfaction was significantly correlated with body criticism from peers among sixth
graders. A parent's body satisfaction appeared to be a significant predictor of the body satisfaction of his/her opposite
sex child for both third — and sixth-graders. 相似文献
828.
This article explores the concepts of safety culture and safety climate in an attempt to determine which is the more useful
for describing an organization's “state of safety.” From a review of the literature purporting to measure safety culture or
safety climate, it is argued that, although the two terms are often interchangeable, they are actually distinct but related
concepts and should be treated accordingly. The term “safety climate” best describes employees' perceptions, attitudes, and
beliefs about risk and safety, typically measured by questionnaire surveys and providing a “snapshot” of the current state
of safety. “Safety culture” is a more complex and enduring trait reflecting fundamental values, norms, assumptions and expectations,
which to some extent reside in societal culture. The expression of these “cultural” elements, perhaps, can be seen through
safety management practices which are reflected in the safety climate. Basically, measurement of safety culture requires in-depth
investigation including an analysis of how organizational members interact to form a shared view of safety. 相似文献
829.
Paul Crits-Christoph Amy Demorest Larry R. Muenz Kathryn Baranackie 《Journal of personality》1994,62(4):499-526
ABSTRACT In this study the extent to which patients in psychotherapy display similar interpersonal themes across multiple narratives of their interactions with others was investigated. Interpersonal themes were measured using a new instrument entitled the Quantitative Assessment of Interpersonal Themes (QUAINT) method, which assesses the wishes, responses from others, and responses of self that occur in narratives about interactions with others. For 60 patients in psychotherapy, evidence for repetitiveness of themes was found; the effect was relatively small but was highly statistically significant. Individual differences in the degree of repetitiveness of themes were not related to type of treatment (dynamic vs. cognitive), but they were related to length of time in treatment. The limitations of the study are reviewed and future research directions are outlined. 相似文献
830.
This paper describes a case supervision group with health advisors working in a clinic specializing in the treatment of patients with HIV Infection. Themes discussed in the group are presented with an evaluation of the group intervention, some consideration of group process and the health advisers views on their work. This is discussed in relation to present research into occupational stress in this field. 相似文献