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871.
John M. Laux Nick J. Piazza Kathleen Salyers Christopher P. Roseman 《Journal of Addictions & Offender Counseling》2012,33(2):82-92
The sensitivity of the Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory—3 (SASSI‐3) was examined among substance‐dependent adults enrolled in a family drug court. The SASSI‐3 had a high sensitivity rate with this population, even across varying levels of motivation to change. 相似文献
872.
Jennifer L. Aaker Emily N. Garbinsky Kathleen D. Vohs 《Journal of Consumer Psychology》2012,22(2):191-194
Although a substantial amount of research has examined the constructs of warmth and competence, far less has examined how these constructs develop and what benefits may accrue when warmth and competence are cultivated. Yet there are positive consequences, both emotional and behavioral, that are likely to occur when brands hold perceptions of both. In this paper, we shed light on when and how warmth and competence are jointly promoted in brands, and why these reputations matter. 相似文献
873.
We present the argument that the meaning of child care and the policies that address it are explicitly linked with national
ideologies, work force participation, economic success, and child outcomes. The relationship between family and child care
policies is cyclical in nature, with a nation’s ideology and vision of family often driving child care policies, while child
care policies in turn drive and support a nation’s ideology. We examine the interrelatedness of child care policy and national
ideologies of family in selected industrialized countries. Specifically, this paper first defines child care policy and discusses
the national ideological frameworks that provide the impetus for child care policy formation and implementation. Second, the
paper explores current child care policies and their connection to the historical and political context of several countries
within, including France, Germany, Japan, South Korea, Belgium, the Nordic countries, and the United States. Lastly, recommendations
are offered for the future of child care policy development with specific recommendations for child care policy development
in the United States. 相似文献
874.
Acheampong A Kelly K Shields-Johnson M Hajovsky J Wainwright M Mozzachiodi R 《Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)》2012,19(4):159-163
In Aplysia, noxious stimuli induce sensitization of defensive responses. However, it remains largely unknown whether such stimuli also alter nondefensive behaviors. In this study, we examined the effects of noxious stimuli on feeding. Strong electric shocks, capable of inducing sensitization, also led to the suppression of feeding. The use of multiple training protocols revealed that the time course of the suppression of feeding was analogous to that of sensitization. In addition, the suppression of feeding was present only at the time points in which sensitization was expressed. These results suggest that, in Aplysia, noxious stimuli may produce concurrent changes in neural circuits controlling both defensive and nondefensive behaviors. 相似文献
875.
The current longitudinal study examines the extent to which school connectedness (i.e., students' perceptions of school support and the number of adults with whom they have a positive relationship) is associated with academic outcomes across sixth grade for students from high poverty neighborhoods. Data were collected from 330 sixth-grade students attending two middle schools in a large public school district. Specifically, students completed a survey to assess their perceived connection to the school environment, and academic information regarding students' grades, attendance, and discipline referrals was obtained from school records. Results from latent growth curve modeling showed that, on average, students' perceptions of school support declined significantly across the sixth-grade year. However, students who reported less decline, or growth, in school support across sixth grade had higher academic achievement at the end of the year than students who reported more decline in school support. Sixth-grade boys were at a greater risk for negative outcomes (i.e., lower school support, lower GPAs, and more discipline referrals) across the school year than girls. Results point to the importance of perceived connectedness to school in helping economically disadvantaged students experience a safe and successful transition to middle school. 相似文献
876.
We present a new database of lexical decision times for English words and nonwords, for which two groups of British participants
each responded to 14,365 monosyllabic and disyllabic words and the same number of nonwords for a total duration of 16 h (divided
over multiple sessions). This database, called the British Lexicon Project (BLP), fills an important gap between the Dutch
Lexicon Project (DLP; Keuleers, Diependaele, & Brysbaert, Frontiers in Language Sciences. Psychology, 1, 174, 2010) and the English Lexicon Project (ELP; Balota et al., 2007), because it applies the repeated measures design of the DLP to the English language. The high correlation between the BLP
and ELP data indicates that a high percentage of variance in lexical decision data sets is systematic variance, rather than
noise, and that the results of megastudies are rather robust with respect to the selection and presentation of the stimuli.
Because of its design, the BLP makes the same analyses possible as the DLP, offering researchers with a new interesting data
set of word-processing times for mixed effects analyses and mathematical modeling. The BLP data are available at and as Electronic Supplementary Materials. 相似文献
877.
Two dissociable learning processes underlie instrumental behaviour. Whereas goal-directed behaviour is controlled by knowledge of the consequences, habitual behaviour is elicited directly by antecedent Pavlovian stimuli without knowledge of the consequences. Predominance of habitual control is thought to underlie psychopathological conditions associated with corticostriatal abnormalities, such as impulsivity and drug dependence. To explore this claim, smokers were assessed for nicotine dependence, impulsivity, and capacity for goal-directed control over instrumental performance in an outcome devaluation procedure. Reduced goal-directed control was selectively associated with the Motor Impulsivity factor of Barrett's Impulsivity Scale (BIS), which reflects propensity for action without thought. These data support the claim that human impulsivity is marked by impaired use of causal knowledge to make adaptive decisions. The predominance of habit learning may play a role in psychopathological conditions that are associated with trait impulsivity. 相似文献
878.
Mark A. McDaniel Kathleen M. Wildman Janis L. Anderson 《Journal of applied research in memory and cognition》2012,1(1):18-26
The testing effect—a mnemonic benefit of quizzing or testing—has been oft-demonstrated in the laboratory, but rarely evaluated experimentally in the classroom. In a college web-based class, using a within-subjects design, core target concepts were quizzed with multiple choice and short-answer questions, presented for reading, or not presented (no additional-exposure control). Multiple attempts on each quiz (and in the read-control) were encouraged and feedback was available after each. When exam questions were identical to earlier-seen quizzes, short answer and multiple choice quizzes enhanced exam performance over rereading targeted material. When examination questions were different but related to the quizzes, short answer and multiple-choice quizzes conferred benefits over unquizzed target content, and produced exam performance that was nominally better than rereading target material. These experimental results indicate that unsupervised on-line quizzing in a college course enhances exam performance, thereby representing an important extension of laboratory testing effects into the classroom setting. 相似文献
879.
Sarah Dunphy-Lelii Jennifer LaBounty Jonathan D. Lane Henry M. Wellman 《Journal of cognition and development》2014,15(1):60-77
Traditional looking-time paradigms are often used to assess infants' attention to sociocognitive phenomena, but the link between these laboratory scenarios and real-world interactions is unclear. The current study investigated hypothesized relations between traditional social-cognitive looking-time paradigms and their real-world counterparts in caregiver–infant social interaction. Seventy-five 10- to 12-month-old infants participated in a structured play session with their caregiver, as well as a traditional looking-time paradigm targeting intentional action. Infants' ability to quickly parse intentional displays correlated with several key qualities of their everyday interactions. In particular, caregiver and infant interaction quality, maternal supportiveness, caregiver and infant joint engagement skill, and social attentiveness in infants correlated with faster habituation to looking-time displays. These results support a linkage between social-cognitive looking-time laboratory paradigms and more naturalistic partner interaction, at this key age. The data provide external validation for the large body of social-cognitive findings emerging from laboratory looking-time paradigms and contribute to a growing literature tracking the developmental trajectory of infants' understanding of people during the first 2 years. 相似文献
880.
Eli J. Finkel Grace M. Larson Kathleen L. Carswell Chin Ming Hui 《Psychological inquiry》2014,25(1):120-145
This article serves as a response to the 13 commentaries on the target article, which introduced the suffocation model of marriage in America. This reply has four main sections. First, it presents an elaborated version of the suffocation model that was inspired by the commentaries. Second, it addresses three areas of significant disagreement that emerged as we digested the commentaries. Third, it examines the circumstances under which being instrumental for one's spouse's needs benefits the self. And fourth, it takes strides toward the development of a mathematically formal version of the suffocation model. It concludes with a discussion of the ways in which policymakers, clinicians, and individual Americans can capitalize upon the suffocation model to strengthen marriage and, in doing so, bolster personal well-being. 相似文献