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911.
912.
Gender, Appraisal, and Coping: A Longitudinal Analysis 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
ABSTRACT For 21 consecutive days, 186 male and female college students recalled the most stressful event of the day, recorded how the event was appraised, and indicated the coping methods they employed as well as their perceived effectiveness and the sequence in which they were used. Gender differences in seven coping strategies were examined in terms of frequency of use, extent of use, relative use, and the frequency with which each method was used first in the coping sequence. The gender differences that emerged were consistent with a socialization hypothesis that predicts more problem-focused coping in men and more use of support seeking and emotion-focused coping in women. Both men and women rated problem-focused coping responses as more generally effective than seeking social support, and the latter as more effective than emotion-focused coping responses. Additionally, we explored the roles of stressor type and of threat, challenge, and control appraisals in the observed gender differences. 相似文献
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James J. Lynch Kathleen E. Lynch Erica Friedmann 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》1992,27(2):151-169
This paper describes sudden extreme drops in blood pressure in both experimental and clinical situations when a person is
talking about or describing situations of hopelessness and helplessness. These changes are discussed in the context of historical
perspectives about the cardiovascular system. A new perspective is introduced, one in which these blood pressure changes are
seen as part of an unheard cry for understanding. It is hypothesized that such changes do not occur in response to a person’s
attempts to communicate a sense of hopelessness, but rather are the biological foundations of the hopelessness itself. Viewed
from such a context an entirely new therapeutic approach is outlined regarding the treatment of patients suffering from a
wide variety of psychosomatic as well as psychological disturbances. 相似文献
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Female university and community college students (N =194) completed the Bem Sex-Role Inventory and a 12-item tomboyism index. Subjects were predominantly Euro-American (71%). A multiple regression analysis was used to test the prediction that androgyny and masculinity would significantly predict tomboyism scores. The proportion of variance in tomboyism accounted for by masculinity was significant, but once masculinity was entered, no additional predictive value was added by the entry of androgyny or femininity. Tomboyism was not related to the development of expressive qualities such as compassion and sensitivity to the needs of others. However, tomboyism was positively related to some desirable instrumental qualities such as assertiveness and self-reliance. Tomboyism was common and generally declined at puberty due to social pressure.
To whom correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed at Department of Psychology & Human Development, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407.The second and third authors were senior undergraduates at Cal Poly San Luis Obispo when this research was conducted. 相似文献
918.
D.Linnet Smith 《Personality and individual differences》1996,21(6):1063-1065
A sample of 191 11–15-year-old adolescents completed the short form of the Junior Eysenck Personality questionnaire together with indices of private prayer and public worship habits. The data confirm the view that psychoticism is the dimension of personality fundamental to individual religiosity. 相似文献
919.
Anthony Biglan Dennis Ary Virginia Koehn Debra Levings Sandra Smith Zada Wright Lisa James Jamye Henderson 《American journal of community psychology》1996,24(5):625-638
A community intervention to mobilize positive reinforcement for not selling tobacco to young people was evaluated. The intervention
had five components: (a) mobilization of community support, (b) merchant education, (c) changing consequences to clerks for
selling or not selling to those under 18, (d) publicity about clerks’ refusals to sell, and (e) feedback to store owners or
managers about the extent of their sales to adolescents. A multiple baseline design experiment was conducted, in which two
small Oregon communities received the intervention, while two others continued in baseline. Outlets’ willingness to sell was
assessed repeatedly by teenage volunteers. The intervention significantly reduced the proportion of stores willing to sell.
Mobilizing socia and material reinforcement for stores not selling tobacco to young people is a viable means of reducing such
sales. It may be especially valuable in communities where laws against sales to minors go unenforced.
This paper supported in part by the National Cancer Institute Grant CA38273. 相似文献
920.