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171.
The present study was designed to compare the psychological well-being of mothers of children with mental retardation in the USA and Korea. The Double ABCX model of stress proposed by McCubbin and Patterson (1983) was evaluated for the two national groups. Thirty-eight American and 40 Korean mothers participated in the home-visit interview. The path models in the present study partially supported the ABCX model, but different path models for the two national groups provided important explanations for the well-being of mothers from the two nations. The cause of stress for the American mothers was specific to the individual variables. For Korean mothers, cultural values that carry social influence were more strongly associated with their attitudes towards the child and their experience of stress. 相似文献
172.
Eleanor O'Leary Geraldine Sheedy Kathleen O'Sullivan Carl Thoresen 《Counselling psychology quarterly》2003,16(2):131-143
The study investigated the effects of a gestalt therapy group with older adults. A total of 43 adults, 65 years or older, were randomised into treatment and assessment control groups of 22 and 21 respectively. ANCOVA results indicated that group therapy participants reported less anger control and more overall expression of anger than the control participants. In addition, they were significantly more agreeable and less hostile and more clear-headed and less confused at the end of the group. These findings were supported by reported emotional changes. Younger group participants were significantly more composed and less anxious than younger control group members. Qualitative results further illustrated this reduction in anxiety. Participants significantly increased their level of clear-headedness and were less confused. Qualitative evidence also illustrated their clear-headedness and agreeableness. Exploratory analysis illustrated substantial learning about oneself by group participants. 相似文献
173.
Enthusiasm is growing in nursing and medicine for addressing spirituality and religious needs in patient care. We urge caution and stress the need for greater awareness of the dangers involved. The first danger is the lack of any attention given to how informed consent might be relevant to the topic of patient autonomy in spiritual health care decisions. The second danger is that the major health care providers, nursing and medicine, are not adequately educated to provide such care. The third danger is that we have not yet sufficiently clarified the roles of the various providers and as a consequence coordination of quality spiritual care is in jeopardy. 相似文献
174.
OBJECTIVES: Blood donation is described as an archetypal altruistic behavior, and recruitment/retention campaigns emphasize altruism. Here, a benevolence hypothesis for blood donation (both the donor and recipient benefit) rather than the altruism hypothesis (only the recipient gains) is proposed. DESIGN: Three United Kingdom-based studies contrasted benevolence and altruism: (a) a 6-month prospective study of blood donor behavior (Study 1: N = 957), (b) a cross-sectional study of blood donors' intentions (Study 2: N = 333), and (c) an experimental study examining the effect of benevolent and altruistic messages on willingness to help across high- and low-cost helping behaviors for committed and noncommitted blood donors (Study 3: N = 200). MAIN OUTCOME: Donor behavior and intentions-willingness. MEASURES: Beliefs in personal and societal benefit (Time 1) and actual donations (Time 2) were assessed in Study 1; beliefs in benevolence, altruism, hedonism, and kinship along with donation intentions were assessed in Study 2; and empathy, donor commitment, and willingness to donate blood, money, fund-raise, and staff a telephone helpline were assessed in Study 3. RESULTS: Beliefs in personal rather than societal benefit predicted actual future donation. A path model showed that only beliefs in benevolence were associated with intentions to donate. Committed blood donors were more willing to donate blood when exposed to a benevolent message rather than an altruistic one. This effect was not observed for other forms of helping. CONCLUSIONS: The benevolence hypothesis is supported, suggesting that blood donor motivation is partly selfish. Blood donation campaigns should focus on benevolent rather than purely altruistic messages. 相似文献
175.
Kathleen Rastle Jonathan Harrington Max Coltheart 《The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A: Human Experimental Psychology》2002,55(4):1339-1362
The authors present a model of the phonotactic and orthographic constraints of Australian and Standard Southern British English monosyllables. This model is used as the basis for a web-based psycholinguistic resource, the ARC Nonword Database, which contains 358,534 monosyllabic nonwords--48,534 pseudohomophones and 310,000 non-pseudohomophonic nonwords. Items can be selected from the ARC Nonword Database on the basis of a wide variety of properties known or suspected to be of theoretical importance for the investigation of reading. 相似文献
176.
Deborah Deas-Nesmith Kathleen T. Brady Sallie Campbell 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》1998,20(2):139-148
To explore the coexistence of substance use disorders and anxiety disorders in adolescents, we assessed adolescents presenting for treatment to an inpatient substance abuse treatment facility (SUH), an inpatient psychiatric treatment facility (IPH), and a community-based psychiatric facility (CMHC) for comorbid substance use and psychiatric diagnoses. Thirty subjects from each facility (N=90) were interviewed using the revised Child Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS) and the Structured Clinical Interview DSM-III-R (SCID-R) for substance use diagnoses. Overall, comorbidity (anxiety and substance use disorders) prevalence was 67% (20/30) of adolescents in the SUH group, 33% (10/30) of the CMHC adolescents, and 33% (10/30) of the IPH adolescents. Alcohol and marijuana were the most frequently abused substances. Anxiety disorders commonly coexist with substance use disorders in adolescents. Early identification and treatment of anxiety disorders may in fact prevent substance abuse in this population. 相似文献
177.
Kathleen M. Fickel John W. Schuster Belva C. Collins 《Journal of Behavioral Education》1998,8(2):219-244
The effectiveness of a simultaneous prompting procedure was evaluated in a heterogeneous small group using different tasks and different stimuli for each student. Participants included four middle school students whose functioning levels ranged from typically developing to moderate and severe disabilities. A multiple probe design across behaviors and replicated across students was used. Observational learning maintenance, and generalization also were assessed. Results indicate that the procedure was successful in teaching all four students their targeted stimuli as well as some of the non-targeted stimuli (i.e., observational learning). Students maintained and generalized their information with a high degree of accuracy. Limitations of the study and future research implications are discussed. 相似文献
178.
In the work presented here, the length effect in nonword reading aloud was investigated in order to assess whether that effect is driven by the number of letters in a string or by the number of graphemes in a string. Simulation work with the Dual-Route Cascaded (DRC) model (e.g., Coltheart, Curtis, Atkins, & Haller, 1993; Coltheart & Rastle, 1994) uncovered a surprising finding regarding the length effect; the same result was obtained in an experiment with human subjects. The results are discussed in terms of the DRC model, with particular reference to serial processing and interphoneme inhibition, two properties critical to understanding the effect reported here. 相似文献
179.
James J. Lynch 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》1998,33(2):130-136
Constructs such as homeostasis and fight/flight have supported a scientific approach to physiology that has yielded a vast
database of obvious heuristic value. Yet in spite of its value, these constructs have tended to create a mind-set that unwittingly
supports what this article has labeled a “physiology of exclusion.” Reinforced by the philosophy of René Descartes, this perspective
has led investigators to focus on isolated or separate animal organisms that are reflexively wired for self-preservation.
It has created a mind-set in which both research investigators and the public at large tend to view the human body as either
in a steady state of vigilance, maximally prepared for fight/flight, or in a state of quiescence. Assumptions of the solitary
body, and solitary man wired to react for “self” preservation, has made it difficult to incorporate a growing body of evidence
that indicates that social support and loving relationships are conducive to good health. It also has made it difficult for
investigators to fully understand why human loneliness is a major cause of premature death. This article delineates these
trends and offers a new construct, one that suggests that a “physiology of inclusion” be added to the prevailing view of a
“physiology of exclusion.” Recent cardiovascular research is cited to help underscore the potential heuristic value of this
new physiological construct. 相似文献
180.
Alan Roland Ph.D. Elizabeth Strahan Doris Brothers Ph.D. Ann Belford Ulanov William W. Rich S.T.M. Kathryn Madden M.A. Kathleen Ford C.S.W. Claude Barbre Karen A. Monk S.T.M. Bruce G. Epperly Jill Carlen Kirby M.S. Ed. C.S.W. Michael W. McCann M.Div. Matthew Smith M.A. Loch Kelly M. Div. C.S.W. Beverly J. Stoute M.D. Angelo Paiano M.Div. Barry Ulanov Andrew Forge 《Journal of religion and health》1996,35(4):353-380