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981.
Dan P. McAdams Barry J. Hoffman Rodney Day Elizabeth D. Mansfield 《Journal of personality》1996,64(2):339-377
ABSTRACT In three studies employing over 350 community adults and college students, participants wrote or told narratives of personally important scenes in their lives. The autobiographical accounts were coded for themes of agency and communion, the two general content dimensions in lives and life stories that have been identified by many theorists and researchers. The four agentic themes of self-mastery, status, achievement/responsibility, and empowerment were positively associated with Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) measures of achievement and power motivation, self-report scales of dominance and achievement, and personal strivings concerning being successful and feeling strong. Similarly, the four communal themes of love/friendship, dialogue, care/help, and community were positively associated with intimacy motivation, needs for affiliation and nurturance, and personal strivings concerned with warm and close relationships. The results suggest a thematic coherence in personality across the arenas of key autobiographical memories, social motives, and daily goals. 相似文献
982.
Martie P. Thompson Fran H. Norris R. Barry Ruback 《American journal of community psychology》1996,24(6):785-809
Criminal justice system experiences in 150 family members of homicide victims were investigated. The study had two goals:
(a) to document the experiences of homicide survivors in the criminal justice system, including case outcomes, criminal justice
system activities, and satisfaction with system personnel; and (b) to determine if experiences with the police impacted posthomicide
beliefs (cognitive assumptions about the world and one’s relationship to it) and psychological distress. The sample, which
was identified through the Medical Examiner’s Office, was drawn from all criminal homicides from 1.5 to 5 years prior to selection.
Results showed that family members of homicide victims were very dissatisfied with their experiences in the criminal justice
system. Additionally, whereas objective system outcomes (e.g, arrest) did not directly affect posthomicide beliefs and distress,
subjective system outcomes (e.g., police satisfaction) directly affected beliefs and indirectly affected distress. There was
some support for both equity theory and a cognitive theory of change, the two theories that guided the model specification.
This study was funded by a predoctoral National Research Service Award fellowship to Martie Thompson, from the Violence and
Traumatic Stress Research Branch at the National Institute of Mental Health. We thank Paula Vardaman for her help with sample
recruitment and data collection, Nancy Deore and Kelly Harlan for their help with data collection, and Ann Price for help
with data entry. Additionally, we would like to thank Lieutenant Agan of the Atlanta Homicide Division, the staff at the Fulton
County Medical Examiner’s Office, and the staff at the Victim Witness Assistance Program for making this study possible by
providing access to their files. Finally, we thank Morton Bard for his feedback in quastionnaire development and study design. 相似文献
983.
Patricia L. Kaminski Kathleen McNamara 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》1996,74(3):288-294
Twenty-nine college women evidencing low body esteem, repeated dieting efforts, and other dysfunctional eating behaviors or attitudes were randomly assigned to group treatment or control conditions. At posttest and follow-up, participants who received the intervention reported significantly improved levels of self-esteem and body satisfaction, as well as reductions in their reliance on potentially dangerous methods of weight management compared with controls. They also reported fewer fears of negative evaluation by others and endorsed fewer stereotypes about thinness and attractiveness. Finally, participants in the treatment condition showed significantly reduced levels of perfectionism at posttest, but this change was not maintained at follow-up. Clinical implications and research recommendations are discussed. 相似文献
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988.
Claude B langer St phane Sabourin Kathleen Laughrea Diane Dulude John Wright 《Behaviour research and therapy》1993,31(8):789-795
The present study sought to determine the convergent validity of two macroscopic marital interaction coding systems: the Marital Interaction Coding System-Global and the Global Couple Interaction Coding System. The sample consisted of 40 couples who completed the Dyadic Adjustment Scale, the Potential Problem Checklist and a 30-min problem solving interactional task. Filmed interactions were coded by separate teams of observers using the Marital Interaction Coding System-Global and the Global Couple Interaction Coding System. Results showed that interobserver agreement, as assessed through intraclass correlations, was satisfactory for both coding systems. Between-system comparisons revealed that convergent validity coefficients were moderate; thus, it seems premature to conclude that macroscopic coding systems are interchangeable. Finally, multiple regression analyses indicated that both systems contained significant non-redundant behavioral predictors of marital adjustment. Implications of these results are discussed. 相似文献
989.
Malcolm M. Cohen Sheldon M. Ebenholtz Barry J. Linder 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1995,57(4):433-440
In two experiments, we used an ISCAN infrared video system to examine the influence of a pitched visual array on gaze elevation and on judgments of visually perceived eye level. In Experiment 1, subjects attempted to direct their gaze to arelaxed or to ahorizontal orientation while they were seated in a room whose walls were pitched at various angles with respect to gravity. Gaze elevation was biased in the direction in which the room was pitched. In Experiment 2, subjects looked into a small box that was pitched at various angles while they attempted simply to direct their gaze alone, or to direct their gaze and place a visual target at their apparent horizon. Both gaze elevation and target settings varied systematically with the pitch orientation of the box. Our results suggest that under these conditions, an optostatic response, of which the subject is unaware, is responsible for the changes in both gaze elevation and judgments of target elevation. 相似文献
990.
Hermann A. Peine Rokneddin Darvish Kathleen Adams Harold Blakelock William Jenson J. Grayson Osborne 《Behavioral Interventions》1995,10(3):149-159
Research has shown that aberrant behaviors of people with developmental disabilities have multiple determinants; of these, medical problems and their potential relations to aberrant behaviors, have been, for the most part, not studied. This retrospective study examined the relations of 26 acute medical treatements to the aberrant behaviors of 10 elderly people with developmental disabilities. Results showed that 73.1% of the aberrant behaviors decreased in frequency after medical treatments. The study suggests the importance of acute medical problems and treatments as possible factors in the occurrence of aberrant behaviors in this population. 相似文献