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171.
Laura?Barca Cristina?BuraniEmail author Lisa?S.?Arduino 《Behavior research methods》2002,34(3):424-434
The present study describes normative measures for 626 Italian simple nouns. The database (LEXVAR. XLS) is freely available for down-loading on the Web site http://wwwistc.ip.rm.cnr.it/material/ database/. For each of the 626 nouns, values for the following variables are reported: age of acquisition, familiarity, imageability, concreteness, adult written frequency, child written frequency, adult spoken frequency, number of orthographic neighbors, mean bigram frequency, length in syllables, and length in letters. A classification of lexical stress and of the type of word-initial phoneme is also provided. The intercorrelations among the variables, a factor analysis, and the effects of variables and of the extracted factors on word naming are reported. Naming latencies were affected primarily by a factor including word length and neighborhood size and by a word frequency factor. Neither a semantic factor including imageability, concreteness, and age of acquisition nor a factor defined by mean bigram frequency had significant effects on pronunciation times. These results hold for a language with shallow orthography, like Italian, for which lexical nonsemantic properties have been shown to affect reading aloud. These norms are useful in a variety of research areas involving the manipulation and control of stimulus attributes. 相似文献
172.
Shepherd I. Franz was an important figure in psychology of the last century, and historians of psychology have given recognition
to much of his work. However, his experimental work with animals and his pioneer investigations in experimental and clinical
neuropsychology have been largely ignored. This article reviews his conceptual, assessment, and treatment contributions, including
(1) his pioneering work on the use of learned behavior as a baseline for the study of cerebral ablations, (2) his interest
in brain plasticity, (3) his development of comprehensive psychological assessment methods, and (4) his work on the rehabilitation
of neurological patients with techniques derived from his animal experiments. His work predated much of what is now part of
the conceptual substance of the experimental and clinical neurosciences. 相似文献
173.
The frequency of theta activity may be important for hippocampal function. Anxiolytic drugs reduce theta frequency and have behavioral effects that are similar to those of hippocampal lesions. The effect of the anxiolytic benzodiazepine chlordiazepoxide (CDP) on theta frequency is partially mediated by the medial supramammillary nucleus (mSuM), part of an ascending theta-activating system. Rats were trained on the hippocampal-sensitive fixed-interval 60-sec schedule (FI60). CDP (5 mg/kg i.p.) released responding suppressed by nonreward, seen as increased leverpressing, and reduced theta frequency concurrently. Microinfusion of CDP (20 μg in 0.5 μl saline) into mSuM had as large effects on both frequency and behavior. Other nuclei mediate the benzodiazepine reduction of theta frequency in the open field and the water maze. But the mSuM appears to be the major, if not sole, nucleus controlling theta frequency and, so, hippocampal-mediated behavioral inhibition in the FI60 lever task. 相似文献
174.
175.
Kevin?D.?BeckEmail author Francis?X.?Brennan Richard?J.?Servatius 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》2002,37(2):128-139
In this study we assessed habituation and sensitization of the acoustic startle response (ASR) to discern whether intense,
inescapable stress affects nonassociative learning differently in male and female rats. Rats were inescapably stressed 2 hours
per day over 3 consecutive days. ASR magnitudes were measured at several times post-stress (1, 4, 8, and 15 days after cessation).
Females generally showed greater ASR magnitudes (compared to males), but both sexes exhibited short and long-term habituation
across the testing days. ASR magnitudes were only affected by stress in male subjects. The effect in males was an increase
in short-term sensitization of the ASR on post-stress day-4. The results suggest that stressed males and females react differently
to ASR testing, in that stress males appear to develop an exaggerated ASR response over repeated test sessions due to short-term
sensitization. The source of the short-term sensitization is discussed with regards to possible stress-induced enhanced contextual
learning during ASR testing on post-stress day-1. 相似文献
176.
Daniel Tr?hler 《Studies in Philosophy and Education》2000,19(1):219-221
Biography
Notes on Contributors 相似文献177.
We examined whether the functionality of spatial relations affects the construction and memory of information in situation models. A functional relationship involves the interaction of entities that is implied by either typical use or contextual demands. Previous research has shown that spatial relations are less likely to be encoded during comprehension unless there is extensive prior knowledge, explicit instructions to attend to spatial information, or a clear emphasis on spatial information. If the construction of a situation model is guided by a need to understand the functional structure of a situation, then functional spatial relations should be more likely to be encoded. The results of our study showed that sentences with functional spatial relations were read faster and remembered better in both recall and recognition tests than sentences with nonfunctional spatial relations. 相似文献
178.
Robert E. Lee Kathleen Burns Jager Jason B. Whiting Catherine T. Kwantes 《Contemporary Family Therapy》2000,22(1):81-90
Confirmatory factor analysis and regression analyses of the Beavers Interactional Scales did not appear to support the model offered by its developers, namely, several specified family attributes contributing respectively to two global factors of Family Competence and Family Style. Moreover, regression analysis indicated that only three of 12 items predicted raters' assessments of Global Family Health, and one of seven items predicted Global Family Style. Individuals interested in the family dynamic centripetal/centrifugal might best think of that as a unitary entity and rate it accordingly. 相似文献
179.
180.
There is growing evidence that participation in constructive leisure activities facilitates positive youth development. Empirical evidence also supports the influence of families and communities on positive developmental outcomes for adolescents. This study examined the relationship among attitudes toward family and community, participation in structured out-of-school activities, and pro-social behavior. As predicted, community aspects such as opportunities available and the attitudes the youth held toward the community, as well as their attitude toward family were predictive of activity involvement. Activity involvement, in turn, was predictive of pro-social behavior. Attitude toward family was also predictive of attitude toward the community. Attitude toward community was a direct predictor of the positive developmental outcome of pro-social behavior, although contrary to the original hypothesis, family influences did not have a direct effect on pro-social behavior. Implications for continued practice and change for a variety of sectors in the positive youth development field such as educators and educational institutions, youth-serving organizations, families, and policy makers are discussed, along with recommendations for continued research in this field. 相似文献