Borderline personality disorder level predicts change in depressiveness after short‐term group psychotherapy: A study in a daily psychiatric clinic

The project examined the comorbidity between depression symptoms and the level of borderline personality organisation among patients admitted for group psychotherapy (Study 1). It also aimed to analyse how the level of borderline personality organisation relates to the reduction in depression symptoms after short‐term psychotherapy (Study 2). The study was conducted in a day clinic where patients were receiving psychotherapy for emotional problems affecting their functioning (N = 57). The study used the Borderline Personality Inventory (BPI) and the Patient Health Questionnaire. The analysis showed that BPI was positively related to depression symptoms. The higher borderline personality organisation patients presented when entering group psychotherapy, the greater was the decrease in depression symptoms after 3 months of psychotherapy. We discuss the results in relation to the notion that the presence of depression could be a positive prognostic indicator for patients with borderline personality.     

Are We All Overconfident in the Long Run? Evidence from One Million Marathon Participants

In this project, we measured overconfidence in a large, heterogeneous sample making familiar, repeated choices in a natural environment that provided direct feedback. Specifically, in study 1, we elicited predictions of own finishing time among participants of the 2012 Warsaw Marathon. The participants' prediction errors were highly correlated with the change in pace over the course of the run: overly optimistic forecasters slowed down more in the second half. In study 2, we consequently took this slowdown as a proxy for overconfidence and used existing field data of one million participants in several large marathons for which split times are available (but own predictions are not). Both studies indicate that men as well as the youngest and oldest participants tend to be more confident. In study 2, we were able to investigate national and cultural dimensions. We found confirmation of previously reported findings of relative overconfidence in Asians. Additionally, we show some largely novel results, in particular that relatively conservative societies tend to be relatively overconfident. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

论伊斯兰教传统刑法

本文主要按照伊斯兰教传统刑法的特点,就其"经定刑"、"同态复仇"和"酌定刑"作了较为全面且深入的讨论。认为伊斯兰教传统刑法虽是当时社会刑事法律的主要表现形式,自有其时代的局限性。但对治理一个尚不成熟的社会来说,亦有让我们可理解之一面。随着历史的发展和社会的变革,古典刑法只在当今部分伊斯兰国家尚有保留和实施。所有这些,对我们今天较为全面地认识和理解伊斯兰教传统刑法的两面性是有所帮助的。     

Naïve chicks do not prefer objects with stable body orientation,though they may prefer behavioural variability

Animal Cognition - Domestic chicks (Gallus gallus domesticus) have been widely used as a model to study the motion cues that allow visually naïve organisms to detect animate agents shortly...     

Magnitude effect contributes to the domain specificity in delay discounting

Discounting is a useful framework for understanding temporal choices. A person who prefers $50 immediately over $100 in 1 month exhibits a higher discount rate than a person deciding to wait for the higher payoff. Although previous research shows that discount rates are domain-specific, we propose an alternative to the domain specificity account. We suggest that differences in discounting alternatives across various domains may result not so much from the domains' nature per se but from differences in perceived attractiveness of the discounted alternatives. We replicated that an illustrative study evidencing domain specificity in discounting (Experiment 1) showed that people's subjective values of the payoffs in domains discounted in this experiment were different (Experiment 2) and used a novel method to match the attractiveness of the available alternatives across domains (Experiment 3). Finally, Experiment 4 showed that when matching was applied, the domain effect disappeared. We conclude that a magnitude effect can, at least partially, explain domain specificity in delay discounting.     

The structure of audio–visual consciousness

Synthese - It is commonly believed that human perceptual experiences can be, and usually are, multimodal. What is more, a stronger thesis is often proposed that some perceptual multimodal...     

Games and Bisimulations for Intuitionistic First-Order Kripke Models

Studia Logica - The aim of this paper is to introduce the notion of a game for intuitionistic first-order Kripke models. We also establish links between notions presented here and the notions of...