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11.
Karla F. C. Holloway 《The American journal of bioethics : AJOB》2013,13(3):7-17
This article focuses on emergency medical care in black urban populations, suggesting that the classification of a “community” within clinical trial language is problematic. The article references a cultural history of black Americans with pre-hospital emergency medical treatment as relevant to contemporary emergency medicine paradigms. Part I explores a relationship between “autonomy” and “community.” The idea of community emerges as a displacement for the ethical principle of autonomy precisely at the moment that institutionalized medicine focuses on diversity. Part II examines a clinical trial for the blood substitute PolyHeme® (Northfield Laboratories, Inc., Evanston, IL). It illustrates the ways in which bias in research paradigms and Institutional Review Board decisions attach to the notion and utility of the language of “community.” The conclusion's contemporary anecdote makes apparent the vitality of the issues of prehospital emergency medical care and the ways in which decisions and practices fall too easily into a narrative of culturally biased treatment. 相似文献
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Karla G. Bohmbach 《Teaching Theology & Religion》2000,3(3):170-176
The author describes a positive turnaround that occurred in working with both the Prophets unit of her Hebrew Bible course and the Paul unit in her New Testament course. She initiated this turnaround by challenging the students to take over the teaching of those units through small group presentations. The emphasis on length and creativity in these presentations prompted some exemplary work on the part of students. And students now identify these units as both the most memorable of the course and where their most effective learning takes place. 相似文献
14.
Mark W. Steege David P. Wacker Wendy K. Berg Karla K. Cigrand Linda J. Cooper 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1989,22(1):23-33
Behavioral assessment procedures were used to prescribe and evaluate treatments of maladaptive behavior for 2 children with severe multiple handicaps. In Experiment 1, the results of an assessment of reinforcer preference were used in conjunction with a functional analysis of the conditions maintaining self-injurious behavior to prescribe a treatment for a child with severe disabilities. The treatment procedure involved the use of a pressure-sensitive microswitch to activate reinforcing stimuli during two solitary conditions, during which self-injurious behavior had occurred at high rates. The results were evaluated with a multiple baseline across settings design and indicated that self-injury decreased with concomitant increases in microswitch activation. Results were maintained at 6 weeks, 8 weeks, and 6 months. In Experiment 2, the results of behavioral assessments of reinforcer preference and self-injurious behavior were combined to develop a treatment for a second severely handicapped child, who exhibited high rates of self-injury in demand situations. This treatment was evaluated with a multiple baseline across tasks design and resulted in the elimination of self-injury for up to 15 months. 相似文献
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Maladaptive personality traits and psychopathology in childhood and adolescence: the moderating effect of parenting 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
De Clercq B Van Leeuwen K De Fruyt F Van Hiel A Mervielde I 《Journal of personality》2008,76(2):357-383
This study examines child and adolescent psychopathology from a maladaptive trait perspective, incorporating both parental and child ratings of parenting as a moderator of the personality-psychopathology association. Hierarchical moderated regression analyses were conducted on a combined sample of referred and nonreferred children and adolescents (N=862, parental ratings of parenting and N=396, child ratings of parenting). The results indicated positive main effects of maladaptive traits on externalizing and internalizing problems, and positive main effects of parental negative control on externalizing problems. Significant interactions were found for Disagreeableness and Emotional Instability with parental Negative Control and for Disagreeableness x Positive Parenting in explaining externalizing problems. The discussion focuses on the contribution of these findings to a better understanding of the trait-psychopathology relationship at young age. 相似文献
17.
The authors examined the associations that underlie the orientations of bilingual Latino college students toward family and school. Participants completed, in English or Spanish, 3 implicit association tests assessing their attitude toward family vs. school, identifications with these concepts, and self-esteem. Results revealed a more positive attitude toward, and stronger identification with, family than school. Identification with family was stronger among participants who completed the study in English, suggesting self-definition in terms of distinctions from the context. Last, the more participants valued family over school and identified with family rather than school, the higher was their self-esteem. These findings shed light on the subtle, yet crucial, mechanisms by which cultural knowledge is incorporated in the self-concept of bilingual Latino college students. 相似文献
18.
Berg WK Wacker DP Cigrand K Merkle S Wade J Henry K Wang YC 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2007,40(3):545-552
The results of a functional analysis of problem behavior and a paired-choice assessment were compared to determine whether the same social reinforcers were identified for problem behavior and an appropriate response (time allocation). The two assessments were conducted in classroom settings with 4 adolescents with mental retardation who engaged in severe problem behavior. Each student's classroom teacher served as the therapist for all phases of assessment. The two assessment procedures identified the same social reinforcers for problem and appropriate behavior for 3 of 4 participants. 相似文献
19.
Natural variation in Drosophila larval reward learning and memory due to a cGMP-dependent protein kinase 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
Kaun KR Hendel T Gerber B Sokolowski MB 《Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)》2007,14(5):342-349
Animals must be able to find and evaluate food to ensure survival. The ability to associate a cue with the presence of food is advantageous because it allows an animal to quickly identify a situation associated with a good, bad, or even harmful food. Identifying genes underlying these natural learned responses is essential to understanding this ability. Here, we investigate whether natural variation in the foraging (for) gene in Drosophila melanogaster larvae is important in mediating associations between either an odor or a light stimulus and food reward. We found that for influences olfactory conditioning and that the mushroom bodies play a role in this for-mediated olfactory learning. Genotypes associated with high activity of the product of for, cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG), showed greater memory acquisition and retention compared with genotypes associated with low activity of PKG when trained with three conditioning trials. Interestingly, increasing the number of training trials resulted in decreased memory retention only in genotypes associated with high PKG activity. The difference in the dynamics of memory acquisition and retention between variants of for suggests that the ability to learn and retain an association may be linked to the foraging strategies of the two variants. 相似文献
20.
Sarah S. W. De Pauw Ivan Mervielde Karla G. Van Leeuwen 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2009,37(3):309-325
The lack of empirical research relating temperament models and personality hinders conceptual integration and holds back research
linking childhood traits to problem behavior or maladjustment. This study evaluates, within a sample of 443 preschoolers,
the relationships between children’s maladaptation and traits measured by three temperament models (Thomas and Chess, Buss
and Plomin, and Rothbart), and a Five-Factor based personality model. Adequate reliabilities and expected factor structures
are demonstrated for most scales. A joint principal component analysis combining 28 temperament and 18 personality scales
indicates a six-factor model, distinguishing Sociability, Activity, Conscientiousness, Disagreeableness, Emotionality, and
Sensitivity. Regression analyses reveal that although single temperament and personality scales explain from 23% to 37% of
problem behavior variance, the six components explain from 41% to 49% and provide a clearer differentiation among CBCL-problem
scales. This age-specific taxonomy refines and corroborates conclusions based on narrative reviews and furnishes a more balanced
view of trait–maladjustment relationships.
相似文献
Sarah S. W. De PauwEmail: |