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771.
Christiane B. Wiebel Matteo Valsecchi Karl R. Gegenfurtner 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》2013,75(5):954-966
We studied the time course of material categorization in natural images relative to superordinate and basic-level object categorization, using a backward-masking paradigm. We manipulated several low-level features of the images—including luminance, contrast, and color—to assess their potential contributions. The results showed that the speed of material categorization was roughly comparable to the speed of basic-level object categorization, but slower than that of superordinate object categorization. The performance seemed to be crucially mediated by low-level factors, with color leading to a solid increase in performance for material categorization. At longer presentation durations, material categorization was less accurate than both types of object categorization. Taken together, our results show that material categorization can be as fast as basic-level object categorization, but is less accurate. 相似文献
772.
Sean M. Gasperson Mark C. Bowler Karl L. Wuensch Jennifer L. Bowler 《International Journal of Selection & Assessment》2013,21(1):46-56
Statistically based banding is often considered a viable method for minimizing adverse impact in test‐based employment decisions. By utilizing the standard error of the difference (SED), scores are equated based on the assumption that there is substantial unreliability in any single observed score. However, based on the derivations of Dudek, the formula commonly used to calculate the standard error of measurement (SEM) – a component that is typically used to calculate the SED – is incorrect. Specifically, utilizing the SEM when calculating the SED produces a band of observed scores around a true score, not a band of true scores around an observed score as would be appropriate for banding. This study compares the differences between banding‐based selection decisions when the appropriate SED formula – which utilizes the standard error of estimate – is and is not applied. Overall, results suggest that utilizing the appropriate formula for calculating the SED produces substantial variations in employment decisions. The potential legal and ethical implications of these discrepancies are discussed. 相似文献
773.
Positive youth development is one of the primary goals of high school sport participation, yet the process of how youth transfer life skills from sport to other life domains is in need of greater examination. To offer a unique perspective, the purpose of the study explored teacher-coaches’ perceptions of the process of life skills transfer for student-athletes from high school sport to the classroom. Using a constructivist approach, 12 teacher-coaches (9 male, 3 female) with an average of 13?years (SD?=?5.7) experience as a teacher-coach completed in-person, semistructured interviews. Using model for life skills transfer as a guiding framework, the theoretical thematic analysis revealed specific student-athlete characteristics (e.g., internal assets, external assets), high school sport factors (e.g., inherent demands, coaching characteristics), and high school classroom factors (e.g., classroom contextual factors, student-athlete psychological processes) that helped or hindered the process of life skills transfer. The critical influences of individual awareness and agency and of congruence between contexts highlighted the value of understanding life skills transfer through a developmental systems lens. Results are discussed with specific recommendations for researchers and practitioners related to understanding life skills transfer.Lay Summary: Positive youth development is a primary goal of high school sport participation, yet researchers can do more to understand the developmental outcomes from high school sport. In this study, teacher-coaches identified specific factors that can help and hinder student-athletes’ ability and likelihood of transferring life skills from high school sport to the classroom. 相似文献
774.
Ramon A. Avila Edward F. Fern O. Karl Mann 《Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management》2013,33(1):45-54
AbstractIn the past, academic research on sales force performance has used either objective performance data or subjective managerial ratings to measure sales performance. Consistent with corporate practices, objective and subjective performance measures were used in this research project. The relationships among three components of performance: specific task behaviors, specific goal achievement and overall performance were examined. A casual analysis suggests that managerial evaluations of overall sales performance are influenced by their perceptions of specific selling behaviors and the degree to which sales people attain specified performance goals. 相似文献
775.
Julian?KoenigEmail author Michael?Kaess Rieke?Oelkers-Ax Peter?Parzer Christoph?Lenzen Thomas Karl?Hillecke Franz?Resch 《Psychotherapeut》2013,58(3):285-291
Background
Recurrent pain, especially primary headache, is a serious health problem in adolescents. Music therapy in the treatment of children with migraine has already been evaluated. The aim of this pilot study was to adopt this treatment manual for adolescent patients with recurrent primary headache in preparation for the main randomized controlled trial.Patients and methods
In this pilot study two different modes of treatment (standard and compact treatment) were tested in an outpatient setting with 19 patients. Frequency and intensity of headache symptoms were evaluated using pain diaries for 8 weeks in a pre-post design.Results
The pilot study showed good feasibility of both treatment conditions in outpatient practice. Patients reported a reduction of pain frequency and intensity in both groups. The evaluation of the clinical relevance of these effects remains the objective for the main trial.Conclusions
The music therapeutic treatment plan for children with migraine is even feasible in the treatment of adolescents with recurrent, primary headache. Further evidence questioning the effectiveness of the treatment under controlled conditions is needed.776.
Sante De Sanctis A. R. Luria Godfrey Thomson C. J. Warden Karl J. Holzinger 《The Journal of genetic psychology》2013,174(4):633-638
Abstract Kelley, T. L. Crossroads in the Mind of Man. Stanford University: Stanford Univ. Press. Pp. 245. $4.00. Vaughan, W. F. The Lure of Superiority. New York: Holt, 1928. Pp. viii + 307. $3.00; stud. ed. $2.40. Bagby, E. The Psychology of Personality. New York. Holt, 1928. Pp. viii+233. $2.50; stud. ed. $2.00. 相似文献
777.
Karl B. Frank 《International journal of group psychotherapy》2013,63(2):229-231
Recent research shows that adolescents are a high-risk group for HIV infection, and that educational campaigns designed to reduce risk taking concerning HIV/AIDS have been largely ineffective with this population. It is probable that irrational psychodynamic processes underlie this risky behavior. In order to explore these behaviors, a sample of low-risk high-school adolescents and one of high-risk institutionalized juvenile offenders were formed into small groups for psychodynamic group therapy. This article presents preliminary findings based on qualitative analysis of the group process. Several sources of participants' difficulties in forming realistic appraisals of HIV/AIDS risk and of acting in accordance with them were unidentified, especially attempts to cope with experiences of loss, developing sexuality, and sexual identity and changing relations with adults. Certain problems were developmentally salient with all adolescents, whereas others were especially marked for the high-risk population of developmentally disturbed adolescents. 相似文献
778.
Karl B. Frank 《International journal of group psychotherapy》2013,63(4):383-385
This article examined how intensive group cognitive-behavioral therapy (GCBT) and group psychodynamic psychotherapy (GPDT) modified depressive symptoms and processing of social information (hostility attributions in a variety of ambiguous situations). The sample (N = 37) comprised individuals who were attending psychotherapy due to psychological distress (GCBT or GPDT). The study examined how group psychotherapy influences depression symptoms and social cognition. There was a decrease in depressive symptoms after three months of intensive CBGT, but PDGT did not significantly improve symptoms of depression. Moreover, in both psychotherapies, the authors noted a significant decrease in hostile attributions, mainly in situations involving people with whom one does not have a close relationship. 相似文献
779.
Karl Aschenbrenner 《Inquiry (Oslo, Norway)》2013,56(1-4):245-267
780.
Karl B. Frank 《International journal of group psychotherapy》2013,63(3):346-347
AbstractThe mystery of why some people are compelled to repeatedly engage in relationships with people who are cruel to them is frequently pondered in literature and psychology. The present paper posits that the etiology of this pathological relationship pattern derives from a parental relationship that was both highly exciting and highly frustrating. Spontaneous recapitulations of the passionate masochistic relationship in the therapy group allow the patient, the therapist and the group to appreciate the exact nature of the “bad” partner’s appeal for the patient and its link to parental antecedents. In addition, the author suggests, group therapy can provide attachment experiences that are stimulating and rewarding enough to override the patient’s attraction to the toxic partner(s) and build an enhanced capacity for intimacy. The cases of two patients are presented who spent three and a half years in the same long term psychodynamic group, and who, through the processes described above, successfully resolved their masochistic relationship patterns. 相似文献