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Two experiments replicated Ekman and Friesen's finding of an expression that signals contempt across cultures. The subjects, from West Sumatra, Indonesia, were members of a culture that differs in a number of ways from Western cultures. In one experiment the subjects judged photographs of Japanese and American faces, both males and females, which showed many different emotions. There was very high agreement about which expressions signaled contempt in preference to anger, disgust, happiness, sadness, fear, or surprise. In a second experiment the Indonesian subjects judged expressions shown by members of their own culture, and again there was very high agreement about which expression signals contempt.This study was supported by a grant from the National Institute of Mental Health (MH 41100). Paul Ekman's work is also supported by a Research Scientist Award from the National Institute of Mental Health (MH 06092). Karl G. Heider's work was supported by a grant from the National Institute of Mental Health (MH 38221). We are grateful to Maureen O'Sullivan for her many helpful comments on this report. 相似文献
3.
This paper contrasts the basic tenets of systemic thinking with some guiding principles of the psychodynamic approach, and outlines specific techniques which family therapists can use when seeing individuals. It is argued that a useful systemic framework can be maintained if the therapist aims to keep the therapy system 'open' for relevant others to join at any time. 相似文献
4.
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
5.
Karl E. Peters 《Zygon》1989,24(4):469-485
Abstract. Developing a scientifically grounded philosophy of cosmic evolution, and using the moral norm of completeness as dynamic harmony, this paper argues that humans are a part of nature in both its conserving and emergent aspects. Humans are both material and cultural, instinctual-emotional and rational, creatures and creators, and carriers of stability and change. To ignore any of the multifaceted aspects of humanity in relation to the rest of nature is to commit one of a number of fallacies that are grounded in a dualistic-conquest mentality. Examples of some new developments in philosophy and theology, metaphorical images, and ritual show how to overcome dualism in favor of a dynamic harmony of humanity within nature. 相似文献
6.
Karl Halvor Teigen 《Current Psychology》1985,4(1):3-16
When people are asked to rate verbal material (texts, statements, and statements forming part of a text) according to informativeness,
their judgments will to a large extent depend upon how much they already know about the subject, and how novel the communication
is to them. This will in some cases make them stress novelty and in other cases familiarity as the most important determinants
for expected or perceived informativeness. It is argued that these apparently contradictory trends are reconcilable by a propositional
(subject-predicate) model of information, which presupposes an identifiablesubject of the communication (“what it is all about”), as well as something to be predicated about this subject, topic, or theme.
This kind of information structure allows the communication to contain both novel and familiar elements at the same time,
with informativeness being at a peak when something quite new and unexpected is told about a familiar subject, or when a new
subject is made familiar (i.e., satisfactorily explained) to the person.
This article was written when the author was on sabbatical leave at the University of Leicester.
The study was supported by a grant from the Norwegian Research Council for Science and the Humanities. 相似文献
7.
Ernst L. Moerk 《Journal of psycholinguistic research》1985,14(3):263-287
Phenomena of language teaching and learning in the course of verbal interactions between one mother and her daughter were analyzed. The daughter was between 18 and 27 months old during the recordings, and her utterance length ranged from 1,5 to 4,0 morphemes. Twenty hours of interactions were analyzed and the emphasis was placed upon sequential aspects and mathemagenic features of the conversations. It was demonstrated that the mother performs much analytic, synthetic, abstracting, and word-class-defining work during these verbal interactions. These maternal instructional activities seem to lead not only to the child's learning of language rules but also to her employment of the abstracting, analytical, and synthetic methodology. It is concluded that the main explanatory focus has to be on the mother in the attempts to explain language transmission and acquisition. Basic similarities to other instructional/skill training situations are suggested. Neither extraordinary complex cognitive nor innate linguistic capacities need to be assumed to explain the phenomena in question. 相似文献
8.
Religious and spiritual issues in mental health are explored in the context of four conceptual models: the medical, the nursing, the humanistic, and the pastoral. This is done by looking at each model in terms of content, diagnostic focus, language and treatment goals, and primary qualities in the health provider.The models are illustrated by case studies gathered from a multidisciplinary setting. The discovery that each model can incorporate the religious and spiritual dimension in mental health care, but that each model does this in distinctive ways, is a key point. 相似文献
9.
G Bohlmann C Karl F M Loebe 《Psychiatrie, Neurologie, und medizinische Psychologie》1986,38(4):194-197
Stomatological examination was carried out on 173 patients with schizophrenia (IKK-Nr. 295). It was observed that this group of patients showed a diminished dental and oral care in comparison to the average population of the same region. The close cooperation of dentists with the institutions for chronic patients will be as prophylactic measure in favour of the patients encouraged. 相似文献
10.
Factor analysis by generalized least squares 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Aitken's generalized least squares (GLS) principle, with the inverse of the observed variance-covariance matrix as a weight matrix, is applied to estimate the factor analysis model in the exploratory (unrestricted) case. It is shown that the GLS estimates are seale free and asymptotically efficient. The estimates are computed by a rapidly converging Newton-Raphson procedure. A new technique is used to deal with Heywood cases effectively.The work on this project was done when the first author was Research Statistician at Educational Testing Service, Princeton, N. J. The second author was in part supported by a grant from the Research Committee of the University of Wisconsin Graduate School. The authors wish to thank Michael Browne for many helpful comments and Marielle van Thillo for valuable assistance in the numerical computations. 相似文献