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461.
462.
Toni Vogel Carey 《Pacific Philosophical Quarterly》1985,66(1-2):204-215
463.
In a sample of 92 children aged 6–13 years this study investigates the normal developmental change in the relation between executive functioning (EF) and the core behavioural symptoms associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention) as well as symptoms often co‐occurring with childhood hyperactivity (conduct‐ and internalizing problems). EF was assessed by using multiple tests grouped through prior factor analysis, resulting in cognitive measures relating to disinhibition, speed/arousal, verbal working memory, non‐verbal working memory, and fluency. The results showed that although disinhibition was positively related to hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention mainly for the youngest age group, there were no significant age effects for these relations. Instead, age effects were found for the relations between speed/arousal and inattention as well as for the relations between verbal working memory/fluency and inattention. In the oldest age group poor performance on these cognitive measures was associated with high ratings of inattention. For the total sample a relation was obtained between disinhibition and hyperactivity/impulsivity as well as between both working memory measures and internalizing problems. In conclusion, the results from this study suggest that poor inhibition is most clearly associated with ADHD symptoms for younger children, whereas poor functioning with regard to later developing and more complex executive functions such as working memory and fluency is associated with ADHD symptoms for older children. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
464.
Stephen R. Wester Tracy A. McDonough Maureen White David L. Vogel Lareena Taylor 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》2010,88(2):214-219
Ignoring gender socialization while counseling transgender clients neglects a significant aspect of the transgender experience. To address this, the authors review the literature on gender role conflict (GRC) theory as it pertains to the transgender experience of biological males whose authentic self is female. They explore the main types of distress experienced by transgender individuals, detail the therapeutic process using a GRC theory perspective, specify how GRC applies to transgender individuals, and suggest ways to work with this population. 相似文献
465.
A full understanding of the development of the brain’s functional network architecture requires not only an understanding
of developmental changes in neural processing in individual brain regions but also an understanding of changes in inter-regional
interactions. Resting state functional connectivity MRI (rs-fcMRI) is increasingly being used to study functional interactions
between brain regions in both adults and children. We briefly review methods used to study functional interactions and networks
with rs-fcMRI and how these methods have been used to define developmental changes in network functional connectivity. The
developmental rs-fcMRI studies to date have found two general properties. First, regional interactions change from being predominately
anatomically local in children to interactions spanning longer cortical distances in young adults. Second, this developmental
change in functional connectivity occurs, in general, via mechanisms of segregation of local regions and integration of distant
regions into disparate subnetworks. 相似文献
466.
Thilo Vogel 《Erkenntnis》1934,4(1):160-164
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
467.
Karin S. Moser 《Psychologie appliquee》2017,66(4):674-709
Groups and organisations set cooperative goals for their members, yet in reality some team members contribute more than others to these goals. Experts, in particular, face a social dilemma: from the group's perspective they should share their knowledge, whereas individually they are better off not sharing, because acquiring knowledge is costly and they would give up a competitive advantage. Two experiments (N1 = 96, N2 = 192) tested the hypothesis, derived from indirect reciprocity theory, that experts contribute more if their status is being recognised. Expert status was manipulated under different performance feedback conditions and the impact on people's contributions in two different knowledge sharing tasks was analysed. In both studies, experts contributed more when feedback was individualised and public, ensuring both individual status rewards and public recognition. In contrast, novices contributed more when performance feedback was collective, regardless of whether it was public or private feedback. Novices did not have to fear negative performance evaluations under group feedback and could gain in social status as members of a successful group. Social value orientation moderated expert contributions in Study 2, with proself‐oriented experts being particularly susceptible to reputation gains. The studies contribute to the neglected aspect of motivation in knowledge sharing dilemmas where collective and individual interests are not necessarily aligned. 相似文献
468.
469.
Alan J Christensen Shawna L Ehlers John S Wiebe Patricia J Moran Katherine Raichle Karin Ferneyhough William J Lawton 《Health psychology》2002,21(4):315-320
The present study examined the role of personality as a predictor of mortality among patients with chronic renal insufficiency. A prospective evaluation of the influence of personality on patient survival was conducted over an average 49-month period. Cox regression was used to evaluate the effects of 5 dimensions of personality in a sample of 174 patients (100 male and 74 female). At follow-up, 49 patients had died. Significant demographic and clinical predictors of survival included age, diabetic status, and hemoglobin level. After these predictors were controlled for, 2 personality traits, conscientiousness and neuroticism, predicted patient mortality. Patients with high neuroticism scores had a 37.5% higher estimated mortality rate. Patients with low conscientiousness scores had a 36.4% increased mortality rate. 相似文献
470.
Joni A. Mayer Joan M. Heins John M. Vogel Denise C. Morrison Laura D. Lankester Andrea L. Jacobs 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1986,19(4):397-402
Reductions in dietary fat have been recommended in the prevention of coronary heart disease. Because entrees contribute substantially to total meal fat content, we evaluated a cafeteria-based intervention for increasing the purchase rate of low-fat entrees (M = 6.83 g) relative to nonlowfat entrees (M = 25.59 g). The intervention included a poster listing the benefits of a LF diet and the daily LF entrees (i.e., broiled or baked chicken and fish dishes). During 6 days per phase, food selections (N = 3,264) were monitored by trained observers. The intervention, which cost $80.00, produced significant increases (i.e., from 20% to 35%) in the purchase rate of LF entrees. 相似文献