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31.
The present studies examined the reliability and validity of the Preference Test (PT), a widely used self-report index of preferred hemisphere thinking styles. The PT consists of items that intend to tap left-hemisphere and right-hemisphere cognitions. In the first study (N=47), PT scores were found to have reasonable test–retest stability. In the second study (N=334), a factor analysis of PT scores showed that the PT has a two-factor solution that can best be interpreted in terms of putative left- and right-hemisphere items. In the third study (N=29), background EEG activity (F3, F4, P3 and P4) of subjects was recorded. PT scores were found to be related to EEG asymmetry patterns for frontal, but not for parietal, recording sites. More specifically, subjects with a left-hemisphere preference displayed relatively stronger left frontal activity than subjects with a right-hemisphere preference. By and large, the present findings provide strong support for the reliability and some suggestive evidence for the validity of the PT. 相似文献
32.
Journal of Philosophical Logic - The original version of the article unfortunately contained a mistake. In the Acknowledgments section of the original version of the article, the grant number of... 相似文献
33.
Cognitive deficits in major depression 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Ravnkilde B Videbech P Clemmensen K Egander A Rasmussen NA Rosenberg R 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》2002,43(3):239-251
Major depression is a mood disorder that is often accompanied by the impairment of cognitive functions. Although suggestive, the large range of existing neuropsychological, neuropsychiatric, and, lately, neuroimaging investigations have not yet given a consistent picture of the psychological and biological disturbances involved in this psychiatric disorder. The present study of the cognitive functions in depression was part of an extensive investigation, including neuropsychological testing, psychiatric examination, and neuroimaging. A representative sample of 40 severely depressed hospitalized patients and a group of 49 closely matched control subjects were tested with an extensive neuropsychological test battery. Results, corrected for various confounding factors, confirmed the current notion that depressed patients suffer from wide-spread cognitive impairments. The group analysis did not allow any hypothesis on a possible pattern to the dysfunctions, but heterogeneity in the test performances calls for further analysis of the data in patient subgroups in relation to neuroimaging results. 相似文献
34.
In two experiments, we evaluated the memory characteristics of real and imagined events as they changed over time. Memories of real events were richer than memories of imagined events, and memories of recent events were richer than of events from a week earlier. These differences interacted such that memories of real events performed in week 1 were very similar to memories of events that were imagined in week 2. Source monitoring was tested and implications for the repressed or recovered memory debate are considered. 相似文献
35.
Atkinson L Goldberg S Raval V Pederson D Benoit D Moran G Poulton L Myhal N Zwiers M Gleason K Leung E 《Developmental psychology》2005,41(1):42-53
Attachment theorists assume that maternal mental representations influence responsivity, which influences infant attachment security. However, primary studies do not support this mediation model. The authors tested mediation using 2 mother-infant samples and found no evidence of mediation. Therefore, the authors explored sensitivity as a moderator, studying the (a) interaction of mental representation and sensitivity as it predicts infant attachment security and (b) level of sensitivity in mothers whose infants' attachment security is either concordant or discordant with their own. The interactional analyses were not significant. But the match-mismatch data showed that when mother-infant attachment strategies were discordant, maternal sensitivity was more consistent with infant than maternal attachment strategy. These findings are congruent with an interpretation of sensitivity as a moderator that can block transmission of attachment strategy. 相似文献
36.
Frey KS Hirschstein MK Snell JL Edstrom LV MacKenzie EP Broderick CJ 《Developmental psychology》2005,41(3):479-490
Six schools were randomly assigned to a multilevel bullying intervention or a control condition. Children in Grades 3-6 (N=1,023) completed pre- and posttest surveys of behaviors and beliefs and were rated by teachers. Observers coded playground behavior of a random subsample (n=544). Hierarchical analyses of changes in playground behavior revealed declines in bullying and argumentative behavior among intervention-group children relative to control-group children, increases in agreeable interactions, and a trend toward reduced destructive bystander behavior. Those in the intervention group reported enhanced bystander responsibility, greater perceived adult responsiveness, and less acceptance of bullying/aggression than those in the control group. Self-reported aggression did not differ between the groups. Implications for future research on the development and prevention of bullying are discussed. 相似文献
37.
Developmental Differences in Metacognition and their Connections with Cognitive Development in Adulthood 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study investigated developmental differences in some metacognitive variables in ill-defined problem solving and their
possible connections with cognitive development in adulthood. Participants were 57 individuals of different ages (adolescents,
young adults, mature adults and older adults). They solved one well-defined and six ill-defined problems while their thinking-aloud
was taped. They then answered a metacognitive statements questionnaire. Differences in performance were statistically significant
in all problems: the best results in interpolation and divergent production problems were achieved by the younger adult group
and the best performance on most dialectical everyday problems was found in the mature adults' group. We found no significant
differences between age groups in the on-line monitoring of the solving process. Accuracy in metacognitive statements was
however significantly better in the mature adult and the younger adult groups. Awareness of and reflection on one's own mental
processes showed a similar developmental pattern to relativistic/dialectical thought: low expression in adolescence, an increase
in early adulthood, a peak in mature adulthood and a minor decline in later years. 相似文献
38.
To investigate the contested role of notional number in English subject-verb agreement, we used a sentence completion task
to examine agreement with minimally different subject noun-phrases, such as the gang on the motorcycles and the gang near
the motorcycles. These contrasting phrases biased different notional construals of collective nouns, such as gang, which are
normally ambiguous between plural (distributed) and singular (collected) construals. With subjects biased toward spatial distribution,
such as gang on motorcycles, more plural verbs occurred in speakers’ sentence completions than in sentence completions with
a bias toward spatial collection such as gang near motorcycles. This offers strong evidence regarding both the existence and
the magnitude of notional effects on subject-verb number agreement in English. 相似文献
39.
I. Klugkist, O. Laudy, and H. Hoijtink (2005) presented a Bayesian approach to analysis of variance models with inequality constraints. Constraints may play 2 distinct roles in data analysis. They may represent prior information that allows more precise inferences regarding parameter values, or they may describe a theory to be judged against the data. In the latter case, the authors emphasized the use of Bayes factors and posterior model probabilities to select the best theory. One difficulty is that interpretation of the posterior model probabilities depends on which other theories are included in the comparison. The posterior distribution of the parameters under an unconstrained model allows one to quantify the support provided by the data for inequality constraints without requiring the model selection framework. 相似文献
40.