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451.
Daily hassles,their antecedents and outcomes among professional first responders: A systematic literature review 下载免费PDF全文
Gerry Larsson Anna Karin Berglund Alicia Ohlsson 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》2016,57(4):359-367
Occupational groups such as firefighters, military officers, paramedics and police officers are exposed to a combination of acute, severe and accumulated everyday stress. Drawing on the daily hassles perspective on stress, the aim was to synthesize existing research on daily hassles in professional first responder settings into a theoretical model. A systematic mixed studies review with an integrated design was undertaken. The selection process resulted in 40 articles meeting the inclusion criteria. The selected papers represented two literature reviews, one qualitative study, eight longitudinal studies and 29 cross‐sectional studies. Five superior categories emerged in the analysis: Individual antecedent and continuously framing factors, Environmental antecedent and continuously framing factors, Appraisal and coping processes, Daily hassles and Outcome. Suggestions for future research are presented. 相似文献
452.
Motivation and Emotion - Identifying causes of healthy behaviors is important for harnessing health benefits. A growing body of experience sampling research suggests that positive emotion may drive... 相似文献
453.
Kayrouz Rony Karin Eyal Ghanem Carawan Choudhury Nafisa Malas Ahmad 《Journal of child and family studies》2022,31(10):2837-2848
Journal of Child and Family Studies - This study explores the risk of developing clinically significant social, emotional, and behavioural problems among Muslim adolescents living in Australia... 相似文献
454.
Bizzi Fabiola Charpentier-Mora Simone Cavanna Donatella Borelli Jessica L. Ensink Karin 《Journal of child and family studies》2022,31(1):114-127
Journal of Child and Family Studies - Beginning with Ensink’s seminal study (2015), the field entered a new era in which we were able to measure mentalizing in school-aged children. The goal... 相似文献
455.
Philip Spinhoven Karin Roelofs Jacqueline GFM Hovens Bernet M Elzinga Patricia van Oppen Frans G Zitman Brenda WJH Penninx 《欧洲人格杂志》2011,25(6):443-452
Using data from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety, we examined among 1322 participants with a DSM‐IV diagnosis of depression or anxiety: (i) whether positive and negative life events influence 1‐year course of anxiety and depressive symptoms; (ii) whether personality traits (neuroticism and extraversion) predict symptom course and moderate the impact of life events on symptom course; and (iii) whether life events mediate relationships of neuroticism and extraversion with symptom course. Negative life events were predictive of both anxiety and depressive symptoms, while positive life events predicted the course of depressive symptoms only. Personality traits had significant predictive and moderating effects on symptom course, though these effects were rather small. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
456.
Mark Baetz Lucia Zivcakova Eileen Wood Amanda Nosko Domenica De Pasquale Karin Archer 《Journal of Academic Ethics》2011,9(3):217-234
The present study assessed business students’ responses to an innovative interactive presentation on academic integrity that
employed quoted material from previous students as launching points for discussion. In total, 15 business classes (n = 412 students) including 2nd, 3rd and 4th year level students participated in the presentations as part of the ethics component
of ongoing courses. Students’ perceptions of the importance of academic integrity, self-reports of cheating behaviors, and
factors contributing to misconduct were examined along with perceptions about the presentation. Discussion sessions revealed
that academic misconduct is a complex issue. For example, knowledge of what constitutes misconduct was not consistent across
domains (e.g. exam contexts versus group work), penalties were not wholly known, and there was variation in perceived responsibility
for reporting and representing academic integrity. Survey measures revealed that self-reported academic misconduct was more
prevalent than expected with only 7.5% of students indicating they had never cheated in any way. Furthermore, results showed
gender and year of study as predictive factors for issues related to academic misconduct. In general, students were receptive
to this form of presentation. The implications of such instructional interventions for enhancing ethical behaviors in higher
education classrooms are discussed. 相似文献
457.
Whereas it has long been assumed that competition plays a role in lexical selection in word production (e.g., Levelt, Roelofs,
& Meyer, 1999), recently Finkbeiner and Caramazza (2006) argued against the competition assumption on the basis of their observation that visible distractors yield semantic interference
in picture naming, whereas masked distractors yield semantic facilitation. We examined an alternative account of these findings
that preserves the competition assumption. According to this account, the interference and facilitation effects of distractor
words reflect whether or not distractors are strong enough to exceed a threshold for entering the competition process. We
report two experiments in which distractor strength was manipulated by means of coactivation and visibility. Naming performance
was assessed in terms of mean response time (RT) and RT distributions. In Experiment 1, with low coactivation, semantic facilitation
was obtained from clearly visible distractors, whereas poorly visible distractors yielded no semantic effect. In Experiment
2, with high coactivation, semantic interference was obtained from both clearly and poorly visible distractors. These findings
support the competition threshold account of the polarity of semantic effects in naming. 相似文献
458.
Shao Z Roelofs A Meyer AS 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》2012,65(10):1927-1944
We examined the contribution of executive control to individual differences in response time (RT) for naming objects and actions. Following Miyake et al., executive control was assumed to include updating, shifting, and inhibiting abilities, which were assessed using operation span, task-switching, and stop-signal tasks, respectively. Experiment 1 showed that updating ability was significantly correlated with the mean RT of action naming, but not of object naming. This finding was replicated in Experiment 2 using a larger stimulus set. Inhibiting ability was significantly correlated with the mean RT of both action and object naming, whereas shifting ability was not correlated with the mean naming RTs. Ex-Gaussian analyses of the RT distributions revealed that updating ability was correlated with the distribution tail of both action and object naming, whereas inhibiting ability was correlated with the leading edge of the distribution for action naming and the tail for object naming. Shifting ability provided no independent contribution. These results indicate that the executive control abilities of updating and inhibiting contribute to the speed of naming objects and actions, although there are differences in the way and extent these abilities are involved. 相似文献
459.
Point-light walkers have been useful to study the contribution of form and motion to biological motion perception by manipulating the lifetime, number, or spatial distribution of the light points. Recent studies have also manipulated the light points themselves, replacing them with small images of objects. This manipulation degraded the recognizability of biological motion, particularly for local images of human bodies. This result suggests an interference of body form information in the local images with the body form analysis necessary for global biological motion recognition at the global level. We further explored this interference with respect to its selectivity for body orientation and motion. Participants had to either discriminate the facing direction (left/right) or the walking direction (forward/backward) of a global walker composed of local stick figures that could face left or right and either stand still or walk forward or backward. Local stick figures interfered stronger with the facing direction task if they were facing in the same direction as the global walker. Walking (forward/backward/static) of the stick figures influenced neither the facing direction task nor the walking direction task. We conclude that the interference is highly specific since it concerns not only the category (human form), but even the facing direction. 相似文献
460.
Although the social brain hypothesis has found near-universal acceptance as the best explanation for the evolution of extensive variation in brain size among mammals, it faces two problems. First, it cannot account for grade shifts, where species or complete lineages have a very different brain size than expected based on their social organization. Second, it cannot account for the observation that species with high socio-cognitive abilities also excel in general cognition. These problems may be related. For birds and mammals, we propose to integrate the social brain hypothesis into a broader framework we call cultural intelligence, which stresses the importance of the high costs of brain tissue, general behavioral flexibility and the role of social learning in acquiring cognitive skills. 相似文献