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The aim of the paper is to contribute to knowledge on the causes and consequences of affective states at work by identifying several job-related events likely to produce affective states and then studying the impact of the latter on work attitudes. Affective Events Theory was the theoretical framework used for the study and two main hypotheses were stated: experiencing certain work events leads to affective reactions, which in turn influence work attitudes. An empirical study based on 203 questionnaires was performed on a sample of French managers. The results support both research hypotheses, although the impact of affective states on work attitudes appeared larger than the impact of work events on affective states. The mediating effect of affective events with respect to the impact of work events was also tested, but only partially supported. 相似文献
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Van der Jeugd A Ahmed T Burnouf S Belarbi K Hamdame M Grosjean ME Humez S Balschun D Blum D Buée L D'Hooge R 《Neurobiology of learning and memory》2011,95(3):296-304
We evaluated various forms of hippocampus-dependent learning and memory, and hippocampal synaptic plasticity in THY-Tau22 transgenic mice, a murine tauopathy model that expresses double-mutated 4-repeat human tau, and shows neuropathological tau hyperphosphorylation and aggregation throughout the brain. Focussing on hippocampus, immunohistochemical studies in aged THY-Tau22 mice revealed prominent hyper- and abnormal phosphorylation of tau in CA1 region, and an increase in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in hippocampus, but without signs of neuronal loss. These mice displayed spatial, social, and contextual learning and memory defects that could not be reduced to subtle neuromotor disability. The behavioral defects coincided with changes in hippocampal synaptic functioning and plasticity as measured in paired-pulse and novel long-term depression protocols. These results indicate that hippocampal tauopathy without neuronal cell loss can impair neural and behavioral plasticity, and further show that transgenic mice, such as the THY-Tau22 strain, might be useful for preclinical research on tauopathy pathogenesis and possible treatment. 相似文献
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Neeru Paharia Karim S. Kassam Joshua D. Greene Max H. Bazerman 《Organizational behavior and human decision processes》2009,109(2):134-141
When powerful people cause harm, they often do so indirectly through other people. Are harmful actions carried out through others evaluated less negatively than harmful actions carried out directly? Four experiments examine the moral psychology of indirect agency. Experiments 1A, 1B, and 1C reveal effects of indirect agency under conditions favoring intuitive judgment, but not reflective judgment, using a joint/separate evaluation paradigm. Experiment 2A demonstrates that effects of indirect agency cannot be fully explained by perceived lack of foreknowledge or control on the part of the primary agent. Experiment 2B indicates that reflective moral judgment is sensitive to indirect agency, but only to the extent that indirectness signals reduced foreknowledge and/or control. Experiment 3 indicates that effects of indirect agency result from a failure to automatically consider the potentially dubious motives of agents who cause harm indirectly. Experiment 4 demonstrates an effect of indirect agency on purchase intentions. 相似文献
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Karim Samoura Anne-Laure Bouvier Jean-Philippe Waaub 《Knowledge, Technology, and Policy》2007,19(4):77-93
Located between the cities of Conackry, Dubréka and Boffa the Sangarea Bay is home to mangrove-type forests undergoing various
forms of pressure. In 1992, a forest management plan was put into place in order to manage the resources. It aimed at promoting
socioeconomic activities while keeping the mangrove ecosystem in balance. This plan was assessed in 1999. The results showed
that even though it integrated environmental and economic objectives, it failed to include the social as well as cultural
contexts and it did not involve the social actors in the decision process. Hence, the plan did not meet the expected results.
Still today, the economic, environmental, social and cultural criteria and effective actor involvement in the resource management
have to be taken into account to maintain the fragile balance of the Bay. This study is an attempt to include these criteria
while opting for a new approach for a sustainable management of the resources of the Bay. This study is a Strategic Environmental
Assessment (SEA) based on the use of the multi-criteria decision tool in a context where there are several actors involved.
Structuring objectives and issues at stake allows the criteria to be identified. Using the sociological data available simulated
the value-system of each actor involved, and subsequently, they were all put into a model by giving various weights to the
criteria. The SEA compares the existing plan (sector-wise approach) with alternative scenarios including an “integrated management
plan” scenario (holistic approach), or “a complete protection of the area” scenario. The scenarios were assessed according
to the quantitative and qualitative data available. The results illustrate how the multi-criteria method can be relevant as
a decision tool when choosing a sustainable way to manage natural resources.
Karim Samoura is a Ph.D. candidate at the University of Quebec at Montreal, and Director of SIFéE (Francophone Secretariat
for Impact Assessment). In addition, he is a member of the interdisciplinary Study group in geography and regional environment
(GEIGER) and a member of CERESCOR (Research Group on Mangrove and Coastal Ecosystem in Africa). His research interests are
in the area of coastal environment, multi-actor decision-making aid, especially in Africa.
Anne-Laure Bouvier is a member of the interdisciplinary study group in geography and regional environment (GEIGER) and a private
environmental consultant. Her research interests are environmental impact assessments in the energy sector and the social
impacts of natural resource projects (hydroelectricity, mining), as well as the use of sustainability assessments.
Jean-Philippe Waaub is professor at the Department of Geography, University of Quebec at Montreal, and member of the Interdisciplinary
Research Group in Geography and Regional Environment (GEIGER). His research focuses mainly Strategic Environmental Assessment,
decision aid tools applied to territorial and environmental management (multicriteria decision aid, ecological mapping, Integrated
System for Decision Aid, Group Decision Support Systems) and techno-economic modeling of industrial systems in connection
to climate change. 相似文献
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Purpose
The purpose of this study was to advance learner control as a psychological construct by reexamining its dimensionality and effects on learning and reactions in the context of technology-delivered training.Design/methodology/approach
Learners (n=384) completed a 2-h web-based Microsoft Excel training. The amount of instructional and scheduling control was manipulated in order to introduce variance in control perceptions. Outcome measures included off-task attention, declarative knowledge, and training reactions.Findings
Learner control is a multidimensional construct with differential effects on training outcomes. By focusing on learners’ perceptions of control, we found that instructional control perceptions decreased learning by increasing off-task attention, while scheduling control perceptions increased learning.Implications
Though both dimensions of perceived learner control are positively related to training reactions, they differentially predict learning. Combined with factor analytic evidence, our study suggests that learner control research should differentiate between objective and perceived learner control, and between instructional and scheduling control perceptions. Organizations should consider how learner control affects learning prior to designing training.Originality/value
Scheduling control is an often used but rarely researched form of learner control. We address this gap by expanding the construct domain of learner control to include scheduling control. Further, this study provides the first empirical examination of learner control perceptions. Despite calls for learner control literature to differentiate between objective and perceived control, no study had previously examined control perceptions directly. Our results may be used to inform organizational decisions regarding the amount and type of control included in training. 相似文献19.
Cheating,Reactions, and Performance in Remotely Proctored Testing: An Exploratory Experimental Study
Michael N. Karim Samuel E. Kaminsky Tara S. Behrend 《Journal of business and psychology》2014,29(4):555-572
Purpose
We sought to provide empirical insight and develop theory for a new organizational phenomenon: remote proctoring for Internet-based tests. We examined whether this technology is effective at decreasing cheating and whether it has unintended effects on test-taker reactions, performance, or selection procedures.Design/methodology/approach
Participants (582) were randomly assigned to a webcam proctored or honor code condition and completed two (one searchable, one non-searchable) cognitive ability tests online. Complete data were collected from 295 participants. We indirectly determined levels of cheating by examining the pattern of test-score differences across the two conditions. We directly measured dropout rates, test performance, and participants’ perceived tension and invasion of privacy.Findings
The use of remote proctoring was associated with more negative test-taker reactions and decreased cheating. Remote proctoring did not directly affect test performance or interact with individual differences to predict test performance or test-taker reactions.Implications
Technological advances in selection should be accompanied by empirical evidence. Although remote proctoring may be effective at decreasing cheating, it may also have unintended effects on test-taker reactions. By outlining an initial classification of remote proctoring technology, we contribute to the theoretical understanding of technology-enhanced assessment, while providing timely insight into the practice of Internet-based testing.Originality/value
We provide timely insight into the development and evaluation of remotely proctored tests. The current study utilizes a unique randomized experimental design in order to indirectly determine levels of cheating across two conditions. Following the results of the current study, we outline an integrative model for future research on remotely proctored tests. 相似文献20.
Moch Faisal Karim 《Journal of International Migration and Integration》2017,18(4):993-1011
This paper examines the dynamics of the development of Euro-Islam as a discourse which offers a modern interpretation of Islam that fits with European context. It investigates how Europe-wide Muslim umbrella organisations promote Euro-Islam discourse while at the same time gain position to represent European Muslims at the European level by mobilising the discourse. Drawing from constructivist literature, this paper argues that Tariq Ramadan’s version of Euro-Islam has been in the stage of socialisation characterised by (1) the existence of network of organisational platforms such as Federation of Islamic Organisation in Europe (FIOE) and Forum of European Muslim Youth and Student Organisations (FEMYSO), (2) the support from supranational actors such as European Parliament and European Commission, and (3) the efforts to codify the discourse through the creation of the Muslims of Europe Charter. However, given the lack of organisational infrastructure to diffuse the discourse due to the diverse nature of Muslim communities in Europe, further internalisation of the discourse has been hindered. Additionally, the connection between Euro-Islam’s organisational platforms with Islamist movement has made the discourse on Euro-Islam being perceived as a camouflage for Islamist agenda. Thus, at this stage, Euro-Islam has become “empty signifier” that are open to continual contestation which serves Muslim umbrella organisations with speaker position to lobby at the European level. 相似文献