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881.
Karen E. Courchaine Patricia A. Loucka Edmund Thomas Dowd 《Counselling psychology quarterly》1995,8(2):123-137
These two studies investigated the main and interaction effects of client reactance and counsellor interpretation discrepancy and style on counsellor social influence and the working alliance. Undergraduate students who were divided into high and low reactant pups listened to low, moderate, or high discrepancy interpretations given by counsellors who used a tentative or absolute interpretation. Contrary to the hypotheses, results showed only one interaction effect for reactance, interpretation discrepancy, and interpretation style. Low reactant participants rated the working alliance higher with tentative interpretations while high reactant participants rated it higher with absolute. High reactant participants consistently tended to perceive the counsellor less positively than low reactant participants. There were unexpected gender differences, suggesting that females saw the counselling more positively in the low discrepancy condition while males did in the moderate. The results were not supportive of an interaction among reactance, discrepancy, and style, but are in line with macro-results in the counselling and psychotherapy literature indicating the primary importance of client variables. 相似文献
882.
Michael J. Vest Ph.D. K. Dow Scott Karen A. Tarnoff 《Journal of business and psychology》1995,10(2):207-220
It is hypothesized that perceived appraisal use in making pay related decisions will moderate the relationship between instrumentality beliefs and appraisal accuracy related variables. Perceived appraisal use was found to moderate the relationship between instrumentality beliefs and perceived appraisal accuracy, supervisor appraisal behavior, and supervisor knowledge of performance. 相似文献
883.
Forty-eight female and 48 male adults at a shopping mall evaluated a briefly depicted adult female stimulus person on 24 7-point bipolar scales that described personality traits and professional performance characteristics. Each subject rated one of four mothers of a young child. The mother was portrayed as either employed or nonemployed, and as either divorced or married. Employed mothers were perceived as more professionally competent but as less dedicated to their families than were nonemployed mothers. Married mothers were rated as more nurturant and as better adjusted than divorced mothers.Portions of this paper were presented at the meeting of the American Psychological Association, Atlanta, Georgia, August 1988. 相似文献
884.
Previous research indicated that similarities and differences in specific personality factors are associated with differences
in marital stability. Most findings were based on assessments of personality after marriage, thus confounding the effects
of marriage on personality. The findings reported here relate congruence between spouses’ personality assessed prior to marriage
with the status of the marriage three to five years after marriage. Each partner in a group of 72 teenage couples completed
the 16PF prior to obtaining approval to marry. These data were examined using intraclass and multivariate analyses. The findings
indicate that hypothesized patterns of personality factors differentiated stable from unstable marriages. 相似文献
885.
Naomi G. Rucker Ph.D. Karen L. Lombardi Ph.D. 《Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy》1990,20(2):99-107
It is proposed that poorly integrated sexual feelings between mother and daughter are frequent early precursors of later incestuous interactions between father and daughter. Father-daughter molestation may be seen as an enactment of erotic urges and fantasies between mother and daughter that find origin in pre-Oedipal, mother-child qualities of relatedness. The familial menage-a-trois is an intrapsychic and interpersonal compromise for mother and daughter between a more deeply disturbed and a more fully severed internal and external bond; it allows both partners enough distance from their dissociated feelings to feel safe, enough proximity to feel vicariously connected, and enough libidinization to maintain an alliance with the exciting object. 相似文献
886.
Rosemary Tannock Ph.D. Karen L. Purvis Russell J. Schachar 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》1993,21(1):103-117
A story retelling task was used to assess narrative abilities in 30 boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and 30 normally developing boys, matched on age and IQ. Each boy listened to two stories and retold them for another child. Results indicated that the two groups did not differ in their ability to comprehend and extract the main ideas from the stories, but did differ in the production of narratives. Boys with ADHD provided less information overall, and their stories were more poorly organized and less cohesive and contained more inaccuracies. As a result, their stories were often confused and hard to follow. Organization and monitoring of information are functions of executive control. Thus the observed deficits in narrative production in children with ADHD may reflect underlying deficits in executive processes.This work was supported by funds from Health and Welfare Canada (NHRDP) and Medical Research Council of Canada. Portions of this paper were presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Research in Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, Zandvoort, The Netherlands, June 1991. The authors gratefully acknowledge Michael Marriott and Patricia Fulford for their assistance with data collection and two anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments. 相似文献
887.
The present study examined the relationship among gender, creativity, depression, and attributional style among high-achieving adolescents. One hundred twenty-eight eighth-and ninth-grade high-achieving students completed the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking (TTCT), the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), and the Children's Attribution Style Questionnaire — Revised (KASTAN-R CASQ). The results indicate that there were gender differences only on the verbal component of the TTCT, with females scoring significantly higher. For both sexes, there was a significant relationship between figurai creativity and a depressogenic attributional style. However, for females, high verbal creativity was associated with low levels of depression and a positive attributional style.The authors wish to acknowledge Monica Harris and Mike Nietzel for their helpful comments, and the Fayette County Public School System, especially Ben Oldham, for their cooperation and assistance. 相似文献
888.
Todd J. Maurer Karen J. Maher Donna K. Ashe Debora R. D. Mitchell Michael B. Hein Judith Van Hein 《Journal of applied social psychology》1993,23(12):959-979
In the 1988 American presidential election, leadership perceptions and perceived platforms were used to predict votes for one of the two final candidates (Governor Michael Dukakis and Vice President George Bush). Both leadership perceptions and perceived platforms were found to be related to voting. However, political involvement moderated the relationship between the perceived platforms and the votes, while leadership perceptions were found to be a consistent predictor of voting across levels of political involvement. Leadership perceptions, perceived platforms, and the interaction between involvement and perceived platforms predicted voting above and beyond the voters’ political affiliations. Consistent with a categorization model of leadership perceptions, the prototypicality of perceived leader traits was found to be strongly related to a tendency to vote for a candidate who was perceived to possess those traits. In comparing general favorability of characteristics versus prototypicality with respect to an effective political leadership category, general favorability played a larger role in uninvolved voters’ decisions than in involved voters’ decisions. Differences in mean leadership prototype ratings were also explored as a function of political affiliation and political involvement. The implications of these findings for campaign strategies and for leadership in organizational contexts are discussed. 相似文献
889.
There is a severe lack of knowledge about sexual assault on Canadian college campuses. This exploratory study of 259 Canadian undergraduate women (mostly white, of British or European heritage, with about half from families of total incomes of over Can $50,000) provides evidence that although Canada generally has a lower crime rate than the United States, sexual aggression against women does not seem to be lower. Further, there is an extraordinary victimization rate for the stranger sexual advances that are legal or barely illegal, but which form a major component of women's fear. Most surveyed women have in the past year been victimized by uncomfortable stranger aggression in public places, while approximately one-third of those who date reported at least one episode of physical, verbal, or psychological sexual coercion. Close to 25% of the women said they had sexual intercourse when they did not want to during the past year.An earlier and substantially different version of this paper was presented at the annual meetings of the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences, Pittsburgh, March 1992. 相似文献
890.
Steven B. Robbins Karen P. Lese Stephen M. Herrick 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》1993,71(3):343-348
The authors examined the moderating effect of goal instability on the benefits of components of perceived social support on entering freshmen's academic and personal adjustment. A significant interaction was identified between goal instability and two components of social support: appraised and belonging. Low goal-directed individuals reporting low appraised social support reported lower levels of personal adjustment than did high goal-directed individuals with the same level of appraised social support. In addition, high goal-directed individuals reporting a high sense of belonging reported greater personal adjustment than did high goal-directed individuals with low reported sense of belonging. Implications for the role of goal directedness and social support on improving college adjustment are discussed. 相似文献